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The Thigh (fascia lata (attaches to... (distally (femoral & tibial…
The Thigh
fascia lata
tough connective tissue
encloses Structures of thigh
attaches to...
sacrum & coccyx
crest of the ilium & inguinal ligament
pubic bone
ramus and tuberosity of the ischium
sacrospinous ligament
passes over knee & becomes continuous with fascia of leg
distally
femoral & tibial condyles, fibula
thickened laterally to form...
iliotibial tract/band [ITT/ITB]
fuses with...
intermuscular septa that attach to linea aspera
separation into...
posterior
muscle compartments
anterior
medial
Blood supply
Femoral artery
(becomes popliteal artery)
General
contained in femoral sheath with femoral vein
femoral artery continuation of external iliac branch of common iliac artery
medial to sheath is femoral canal into which vein can expand during increased venous return
can compress to minimise bleeding
strong
compression of iliac arteries can diminish pulse
can cannulate for aortic/left coronary angiography
supplies
branches to hip & thigh
Gives Rise to
profunda femoris
perforating branches to hamstrings
medial & lateral circumflex femoral branches
genicular branches
Location
femoral artery continues through thigh & via adductor hiatus, to back of femur
popliteal artery
(divides into posterior and anterior tibial arteries)
Location
prone positions & knee flexed
General information
popliteal pulse not normally palpable
tibial artery
Location
deep to soleus & lies between soleus & deep muscles
gives fibular branch – b/w TP & FHL - to lateral compartment
grooves medial malleolus with TDH [posterior tibial pulse – invert foot to relax retinaculum
enters sole and divides into medial & lateral plantar arteries
metatarsal & digital branches
perforating branches anastomose with dorsalis pedis artery
Bones
Long Bone
Femur
Articulates
Distally
Tibia
Proximally
Acetabulum
Comprised of...
Patellar surface
Medial and Lateral Condyles
Shaft
Linea Aspera
intertrochanteric line and intertrochanteric crest
Greater and lesser trochanters
Head
2/3 of sphere
Faces upwards and medially
Neck
Directed superomedially and inclining anteriorly
Angle of inclination
General
enables limb to swing clear of pelvis
average of 125 degrees
angle between femoral neck & shaft
Diseases
Rickets
Angle Reduced to 90 Degrees
Smaller angle the greater risk of trans-cervical fracture
Contains Weight-bearing line of limb
Travels from head of femur to calcaneus
Sesamoid Bones
Patella
develops within quadriceps femoris tendons
increase lever function of muscles
Muscles
Anterior Compartment
Extensors of the Hip
sartorius
insertion
medial surface of tibia
action
knee flexion & abduction
Lateral Rotation of thigh
hip Flexion & abduction
origin
Anterior superior iliac spine
Femoral Triangle
Location
upper end of thigh
boundary between thigh & abdomen
Borders
sartorius muscle laterally
adductor longus medially
inguinal ligament forming base superiorly
roof
fascia
floor
iliopsoas
pectineus
Contents
Femoral nerve
Femoral vein
Femoral artery
extensors of the knee
Quadriceps femoris
4 muscle bellies
Fuse & insert on the patella
inserts onto tibial tuberosity via ligamentum patellae
rectus femoris
origin
2 more items...
action:
2 more items...
vastus intermedius
origin:
2 more items...
action
1 more item...
vastus medialis
origin:
4 more items...
action
1 more item...
insertion
1 more item...
vastus lateralis
origin
4 more items...
action
1 more item...
flexors of the hip
Iliopsoas Group
Iliacus
origin
lesser trochanter (with psoas major)
insertion
iliac fossa
action
hip flexion
Psoas Major
&
Psoas Minor
origin
bodies
transverse processes
discs of T12
lumbar vertebrae [T12, L1]
insertion
lesser trochanter of femur
action
hip flexion
Pectineus
origin
pectineal line of pubis
insertion
pectineal line of femur
action
hip adduction
flexion
Medial compartment
adductors of the hip
action: adduction; knee flexion [foot fixed: rotates & Lateral Rotations femur & pelvis on tibia]
adductor longus
origin
pubis (b/w crest & symphysis)
insertion
linea aspera
adductor brevis
origin
body
inferior ramus of pubis
insertion
upper linea aspera
adductor magnus
origin
inferior pubic ramus
ischial ramus
tuberosity
insertion
linea aspera
adductor tubercle
gracilis
origin
pubis
insertion
medial surface tibia
extensors of the hip & flexors of the knee
semitendinosus
origin
ischial tuberosity (with long head biceps)
insertion
medial surface of tibia
action
knee flexion
hip extension
semimembranosus
origin
ischial tuberosity
insertion
medial tibial condyle
medial surface of tibia
fascia
action
hip extension
knee flexion
biceps femoris
origin
long head:
ischial tuberosity
short head
linea aspera
insertion
head of fibula posteriorly
action
hip extension
knee flexion
Facia Of the Leg
popliteal fossaq
region
back of the knee
boundaries formed by...
hamstrings
gastrocnemius
contains
tibial
common fibular nerve
the popliteal vessels