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Unit 10-Music With Logic, No Emotion (Chapter 62-Mid-20th Century American…
Unit 10-Music With Logic, No Emotion
Chapter 52
Evolution of Musical Expressionism
Next step in music evolution-not revolutionary
Expressionism
Break from tradition
Dissonance does not have to resolve to consonance
Reject tonality(atonality)
"Redefine" the new
Emancipation of Dissonance=Atonality
Dissonance can be the end of the piece
Maximum tension
Dissonance is Standard
No need for consonance
Rejection of tonality, key
Method developed-12 tone method
Arnold Schoneberg(1874-1951)
"method of composing with twelve tones"
USC-Southern California(1933) due to WWII
Rejection of tonality
UCLA later
Composer, conductor, teacher in Vienna
1940 US Citizen
Three compositional periods
Antonal-Expressionist
Twelve-Tone
Post-Romantic
Listening Guide 43-Schoenberg's Pierrot Lunaire
Set for female vocalist and chamber ensemble
21 poems broken down 3 groups of 7; each is a rondeau
Song cycle on 21 poems by Giraud
Sprechstimme: a new vocal style in which the vocal melody is spoken rather than sung
1912
Klangfarbenmelodie: each note of a melody is played by a different instrument
Chapter 62-Mid-20th Century American Experimentalists
Mid-20th Century-Blending of Ideas
Various Cultures
Use of various sound sources
Innovative
Highly instrumental of vocal effects
Early Experiementation
Henry Cowell(1897-1965)
Combined Asian instruments with Western ensembles
Foreign scaled with western chords
Pre-cursor to "prepared piano"
Harry Partch(1901-1974)
Proponent of microtones
Developed a scale with 43 microtones to the octave
Built/adapted instruments to play it
Adapted Indian and African instruments to fit tuning
Cloud chamber bowls-made glass
Cone gongs(made metal)
Focus melody & timbre-not harmony
Gourd trees
John Cage(1912-1992)
Early interest in non-Western scales
Born LA
Cowell mentor
In 1938, invented the prepared piano
Indeterminacy, aleatoric, and chance music
Explored the role of silence in 4'33"
Raised profound questions about the nature if music
eternally questioning artist
Listening Guide 55-Sonata V
16 sonatas in 4 groups-separated by interludes
Materials inserted between the piano strings
1946-1948
Binary Form(A-A-B-B)
A-rhythm; upper and lower line
B-faster; more disjunct and accented
End sustained dissonance
George Crumb(B.1929)
Taught Colorado, NY, U of PA
Avant-garde composer
Won Oulitzer Prize(1968)Echoes of Time and River
Listening Guide 56-Caballito Negro
3 part form (a-B-A1)
No sense of meter
Soprano & metallic percussion instruments, flute or piccolo
Disjunct vocal line
Text-Garcia Lorca poem
Effects
Glissandos
Whispering
Flutter tonguing-flute or piccolo
Horse Neigh
Song, from Madrigals, Book 2
Chapter 64-Less is More: Minimalistic Music
Musical Minmalism
Rejection of 12 tone music
A new, also scientific way to approach stable harmonies was found in process music which became minimalism
The scientific nature of serialism appealed to some
Developed through technology into phase music
Steve Reich(B. 1936)
Bornin NYC, studied modernist composition at Julliard
Wanted to write tonal music, pioneered minimalist music
Studied West African Drumming and Balinese gamelan
Judaic heritage central to many works
Listening Guide 58-Reich's Electric Counterpoint, III
Chamber work for guitar and tape
Very different approach to harmony and complexity from goal-directed tonality
Last of a series of works he called "counterpoint"
The "hook" is less the initial musical idea, but how that idea is gradually combined with itself
1987