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Darwin's Theory of Evolution (Darwin's Theory of Evolution…

- - - - If the environment is stable, the species won't change. But if the environment is changing, the species will need to adapt. Many adaptations may be necessary.
        
        If the environment is stable, the species won't change. But if the environment is changing, the species will need to adapt. Many adaptations may be necessary.
        
        Organisms alive today evolved from earlier life forms. We can learn about this from fossils.
- - - - Fitness refers to the relative ability of an organism to survive and produce fertile off spring.
        
        From Malthus, Darwin knew rhat populatiosn could grow faster than their resources
        
        variation oncreases the chance that at least some individuals will survive if the enviornment changes
        
        The prevalence of pesticide-resistant insect best supports Darwin's idea of evolution by natural selection
        
        In Darwin's theory of evolution, individuals vary, and populations evolve.
        
        Variation in individuals is not inheritabl IS NOT TRUE for Darwin's theory of natural selection.
- - - - Apart from science, the Theory of Evolution has dramatically changed how we think about ourselves and how we relate to the world. Because the theory has influenced so many aspects of human life, it is crucial that you understand it thoroughly.
- - - - He joined the Plinian Society, a club at the University of Edinburgh for students interested in natural history. On 27 March 1827, at just 18 years old, Darwin gave his first speech before the Society on the marine biology of an estuary just north of Edinburgh. This society and their discussions were Darwin's first exposure to the possibilities of evolution.
        
        He became a good friend of zoology Professor Robert Grant. They would hike together, and this furthered Darwin's skill in observing nature. Grant discussed the works of the French naturalist Lamarck with Darwin. (Lamarck's work will be discussed in an additional concept.)
        
        Darwin became an avid beetle collector. This taught Darwin skills important for a naturalist: how to identify species, the proper manner of cataloguing specimens, methods of comparative anatomy, and how to work efficiently in the field.
        
        He befriended the Reverend John Stevens Henslow, who was was both a member of the clergy and a naturalist. Through his interactions with Henslow, Darwin's scientific knowledge was greatly expanded. He became familiar with diverse topics such as geology, mathematics, entomology, mineralogy, chemistry, and botany. It was through his interactions with Henslow that Darwin finally decided he wanted to be a naturalist.
        
        He met geology Professor Adam Sedgwick. Darwin finally became interested in this field.
        
        He read two books by Sir John Herschel (Preliminary Discourse on the Study of Natural Philosophy) and Alexander von Humboldt (Personal Narrative of the Travels to the Equinoctial Regions of America During the Years 1799-1804). These books greatly expanded Darwin's imagination. Darwin believed that there were no limits to what scientific investigation could uncover.
- - - - Darwin believed that there were no limits to what scientific investigation could uncover
        
        Rock and fossil (or vise versa)m formations suggested that continents and oceans had changed dramatically
        
        In what shape shell can the tortoise not rach up to eat plant leaves above their head? Dome.
        
        Darwin was a naturalist, and so his role was to observe and collect specimens of plants, animals, rocks, and fossils.
        
        The HMS Beagle was a British Royal Navy ship on which Darwin spent 5 years as a naturalist.
        
        natural selection is the evolutionary process by which certain beneficial traits become more common within a population
        
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- - - - The foundation of evolutionary biology, On the Origin of Species, was published on 24 November 1859.
        
        Before Darwin, most people believed that all species were created at the same time and remained unchanged throughout history. History, they thought, reached back just 6,000 years.
- - - - This attempt to explain adaptation was popular during the 19th century and undoubtedly influenced Darwin’s thinking
        
        Although Lamarck advanced the proposal that species change, evidence does not support inheritance of acquired characteristics. You can weight-train for years, but unless your children train as hard as you did, their muscles will never match yours!
- - - - Darwin’s theory that present species developed gradually over long periods of time reflects Lyell’s influence. Lyell was a close and influential friend of Charles Darwin.
        
        Charles Babbage wrote that God had the power to make laws, which in time produce species. His close friend, John Herschel, called for a search for natural laws underlying the "mystery of mysteries" of how species formed. Later, Darwin cited Herschel as “one of our greatest philosophers” and then said he intended "to throw some light on the origin of species — that mystery of mysteries.”
- - - - Darwin thought that animal and plant populations might have similarly limited resources. If so, offspring who were better suited to their environment would be more likely to survive, while those less “fit” would perish.
- - - - Although both naturalists had independently come to the same conclusions, the extensive evidence and careful logic Darwin presented in The Origin of the Species earned him the greater share of recognition for the theory of evolution by natural selection.
- - - - Darwin referred to selective breeding as artificial selection. His observations of how artificial selection worked helped him to develop his concept of natural selection
- - - - Lamarck developed the theory of the inheritance of aquired charecteristics.
        
        Principles of Geology was written by Charles Lyell
        
        One geologist, Charles Lyell, proposed that gradual geological processes have shaped Earth's surface, inferring that Earth must be far older than most people believed.
        
        Darwin and Wallace both presented to the Linnean Society their ideas about evolution and natural selection
        
        Malthus described a human “struggle for existence”, due to exponential population growth and limited food
        
        Darwin's theory that present species developed gradually over long periods of time reflects the influence of Lyell
        
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