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Darwin's Theory of Evolution (Darwin (Galapagos Islands (off the coast…
Darwin's Theory of Evolution
Theory of Evolution
given in book: On the origin of species by Charles Darwin
Fitness refers to the relative ability of an organism to survive and produce fertile offspring
population could grow faster than their offsprings
variation increases the chance that at least some individuals will survive if the environment changes
2 general ideas: evolution & natural selection
Example of evolution by natural selection: development of genetically engineered, of transgenic, animals
individuals vary and populations evolve
natural selection- principle by which each sight variation [of a trait], if useful, is preserved
Darwin
Galapagos Islands
off the coast of Ecuador
situated off of the coast of South America
no limits to what scientific investigation could uncover
Rock and Fossil formation suggested that continents and oceans had changed dramatically
dome shaped shells don't allow tortises to eat plant leaves above their heads
he was a naturalist
Role: observe and collect specimens of plants, animals, rocks, and fossils
HMS Beagle was a British Royal Navy ship where Darwin spent 5yrs as a naturalist
natural selection- evolutionary process by which certain beneficial traits become more common within a population
evolution- describes change in heritable characteristics of populations over time
Observations: identifying coral atolls that were the result of sinking volcanoes
finding rocks 13,000 ft above sea level, which contain fossil seashells
Influences
Lyell
Wrote Principles of Geology
Darwin's theory that present species developed gradually over long periods of time
proposed that gradual geological processes have shaped Earth's surface, inferring that Earth must be far older than most people believed
Lamarck
developed the idea of inheritance of acquired characteristics.
Malthus
Darwin's ideas that individuals ina population compete for resources came from reading his essay on population
described a human struggle for excistence, due to exponential population growth and limited food
Wallace
both presented to the Linnean Society their ideas about evolution and natural selection
Artificial selection- humans breed plants and animals to have useful traits
Darwin's theory states that the present species are developed gradually over long periods of time.