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occupational language (the plain english campaign (this was founded in…
occupational language
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theory in conversations
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as part of the process there is one who holds superordinate status in the conversation. the discourse structure takes the form of IRF sequences
those with superordinate status hold institutional power. despite the other participant perhaps having a higher mean length of utterance, this is not a reflection of power, but just to demonstrate knowledge or logical deduction
swales also highlights the use of restricted lexis which could cause mis-interpretation. code-switching is also evident in this exchange when the consultant modifies his linguistic register to address the patient
euphemism: doctors will often replace words such as diarrohoea with phrases such as 'the runs' in order to add an element of comedy in the interaction + comfortability
atkinson and drew
turn-type preallocation in which the activities of asking and answering questions in preallocated to the role of 'interviewer' and 'interviewee'
the participants therefore exclude themselves from a wide variety of actions that they are normally free to do in ordinary conversation
one consequence of this restriction is to place the interviewer firmly in control of the interactional management of the exchange:
interviewers set the agenda for the interviewee's response and provide a context in which the response will be evaluated. interviewers can take the lead in moving on to new topics. interviewers will decide when to terminate the interview
candace west
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she found that male doctors tended to use aggravated directives in the form of imperatives such as 'lie down' and they tended to use 'need' statements such as 'you need rest'
women doctors use mitigated directives, which are collaborative. this established partnership
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perakyla - described turn-taking practices within counselling contexts that are designed to implement special therapeutic processes
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instrumental power - explicit power of the sort imposed by the state (laws and conventions) resisting this power could lead to a penalty
john swales - defined a discourse community as sharing goals. communicating internally and using specialist lexis
polar questions are those with suggest limited options of yes / no | disjunctive polar questions are closed questions that spell out options more clearly in a sense by giving you a choice of two possible answers