Unit 4 study guide

Meiosis
A type of cellular reproduction in which the number of chromosomes are reduced by half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell.

Mitosis Occurs in
all organisms

Crossing Over (Meiosis)
Yes, mixing of chromosomes can occur.

Number of Cells produced in Mitosis
2

Chromosome Number (Meiosis)
Reduced by half

Chromosome Number (Mitosis)
Remains the same

Vacuoles
Store waste products, nutrients, and water. In plant cells it also store nutrients, and regulates turgor pressure in the cell.

Nucleus
DNA is found in the nucleus, RNA is also made here; surrounded by a membrane; controls all cell activities

Nucleolus
This produces ribosomes; found in the nucleus

Lysosome
Contains digestive enzymes necessary for breaking down materials within a cell

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Assembles membrane lipids and detoxifies the cell of drugs; no ribosomes on this organelle.

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Proteins are made on the endoplasmic reticulum ribosomes. They are collected inside the endoplasmic reticulum and transported throughout the cell. Transports and modifies organelles, highway for cell.

Chromatin/Chromosomes
plant and animal cell: strands that contain the genetic material that tells the cell how to function.

Peroxisomes
Contain an enzyme that allows the breakdown of H₂O₂ (hydrogen peroxide) which is made by cell reactions and is toxic to the cell

Cilia
Slender cell extension that project outward from the cell - can be used for movement of the cell or to push materials past the cell.

Vesicles
A small structure made of a lipid bilayer used to transport materials through the cell.

What are the products of photosynthesis?
O₂ + C₆H₁₂O₆

Which molecules are reactants in Cellular Respiration?
O₂ + C₆H₁₂O₆

Glucose
C₆H₁₂O₆

I discovered that plants are made of cells.
Schleiden

I discovered that animals are made of cells
Schwann

I discovered that there are microscopic organisms in pond water.
Leeuwenhoek

I discovered that there are microscopic organisms in pond water.
Leeuwenhoek

Number of Divisions (Meiosis)
2

Cell Membrane
Double layer of phospholipids (lipid bilayer) that surrounds the cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell.



Mitochondria
Provides energy to cell. Have a double membrane. The outside is smooth but the inner is highly folded to increase its surface area. Cellular respiration is performed here, making energy (ATP) for the cell. Has its own DNA and ribosomes.

Microtubule
part of the cytoskeleton - made of tubulin-used to move substances around the cell - framework of cell

What are the products of Cellular Respiration?
CO₂ + H₂O

Mitosis
A process of asexual reproduction in which the cell divides in two producing a replica, with an equal number of chromosomes in haploid cell

Function of Meiosis
Sexual Reproduction

Function of Mitosis
Cellular Reproduction & general growth and repair of the body.

Type of Reproduction (Meiosis)
Sexual

Type of Reproduction (Mitosis)
Asexual

Meiosis Occurs in
Humans, animals, plants, fungi

Meiosis is Genetically
Different

Mitosis is Genetically
Identical

Crossing Over (Mitosis)
No, crossing over can not occur.