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Environmental Effects of Exercise (Altitude, Stroke volume decreases…
Environmental Effects of Exercise
Altitude
Stroke volume decreases therefore heart rate increases to maintain cardiac output
Breathing frequency increases in an attempt to increase the amount of oxygen
Immediate Effects of Altitude
Blood volume decreases as red blood cell count decreases and plasma volume decreases
Dehydration occurs with altitude
Altitude sickness
Reduced incidence of altitude sickness
Breathing and ventilation rates stabilise
Release of EPO which would increase number of red blood cells
Stroke volume and cardiac output reduce at rest
Benefits of Acclimatisation
Acclimatisation - A process of gradual adaptation to a change in the environment
3 - 5 days Low Altitude
2+ weeks for High Altitude
1 -2 weeks Moderate Altitude
Heat
Increased breathing frequency to maintain oxygen consumption
Dilation of arterioles and capillaries leading to increased blood flow and blood pooling
Effect of Heat on the Respiratory System
A rise on body temperature can cause hyperthermia which can be caused by high and prolonged exercise, high air temperatures, high relative humidity
Decreased blood volume, venous return, stroke volume, cardiac output and blood pressure
Dehydration and drying of the airways in temperatures above 32 makes it difficult to breath
Effect of Performance
High levels of sunlight increased irritations
Effect of Heat on the Cardiovascular System
Normal body temperature - 37
Pre Competition
Acclimatise to the temperatures to increase plasma volume, decreases loss of electrolytes, decreases heart rate. Using cooling aids
Post Competition
Using pacing strategies, Wear suitable clothing, Rehydrate
During Competition
Cooling aids, isotonic drink to restore electolytes
Thermoregulation - Is the process that allows the body to maintain it's internal core temperature
Cardiovascular Drift - Upward drift in heart rate during sustained steady state activity associated with an increase in temperature