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Reproductive System & Development (MALE REPRODUCTIVE STRUCTURES…
Reproductive System & Development
MALE REPRODUCTIVE STRUCTURES
Seminiferous tubules
Where sperm is produced
Epididymis
Where the sperm mature
Seminal Vesicle
Provides fructose for nourishment
Vas deferens
Transport tube for sperm to the urethra
Ejaculatory Duct
Connects the vas deferens to the urethra
Prostate
Raises pH it acts as a buffer
Urethra
transports semen and urine to the outside
Cowper's glands
Provides luberication
Corpora Cavernosa
Helps keep an erection
Corpus Spongiosum
Helps with opening the urethra for sperm to pass through
MEIOSIS, SPERMATOGENSIS, OOGENESIS
MEIOSIS
Prophase 1
Chromosomes pair up and form a tetrad, crossing over occurs in this phase
Metaphase 1
Chromosomes line up and form a disc
Anaphase 1
Chromosomes are separated and pulled by the spindle fibers towards the centriols
Telophase 1 and Cytokinesis
Nuclear envelope re-forms, cytoplasm divides and two new cells are produced, each containing 23 chromosomes
Prophase 2
Nuclear envelope breaks down, crossing over doesn't happen here
Metaphase 2
Spindle fibers extend from the centrioles, chromosomes line up and form a disc.
Anaphase 2
Sister chromosomes from the chromosomes are pulled apart
Telophase 2 and Cytokinesis
The nuclear envelopes re-form. The four new daughter cells that are produced each contain 23 single chromosomes
SPERMATOGENSIS
SPERMATOGONIUM-is the origin of sperm,they are diploid cells
Mitotic divisions produce PRIMARY SPERMATOCYTE
MEIOSIS 1 begins in the primary spermatocytes
Meiosis 1 produces haploid cells called SECONDARY SPERMATOCYTES
MEIOSIS 2 produces SPERMATIDS
Then becomes SPERM
OOGENSIS
Before birth during embryonic and fetal period, oogonia is the origin of the oocytes
Oogonia produces primary oocytes by mitotic divisions
Primary oocytes start meiosis, but are arrested in prophase 1
Early childhood the ovaries are inactive
From puberty to menopause, about 20 primordial follicles mature in primary follicles every month
some mature in the secondary follicles
Secondary oocyte is arrested in metaphase 2
If secondary oocyte is fertilized it becomes an ovum, if not fertilized then it becomes corpus luteum and later becomes corpus albicans
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE STRUCTURES
Ovaries
Produce the oocyte that carry maternal chromosomes
Fallopian tube
site of fertilization
Fimbriae
Cilla generate a current that moves the oocyte into the tube
Uterus
protection and nourishment for the developing baby
Endometrium
Is the innermost layer of the uterus where implantation of the egg occurs.
Cervix
Neck of the Uterus
Vagina
Birth canal, also receives the penis during intercourse
Clitoris
Stimulation that leads to orgasm
HORMONES
FEMALES
FSH-
Released by the pituitary gland and secreted from the secondary follicle
LH-
Released by the pituitary gland and is secreted by the Graafian follicle
ESTROGEN/PROGESTERONE
Stimulate and support buildup of the uterine lining and prepare uterus for implantation
give the female characteristics/help with pregnancy
MALES
TESTOSTERONE
Give Males characteristics
MESTRUAL CYCLE
MENSTRUAL PHASE
sloughing of the functional layer of the endometrium and last during menstruating bleeding
steady rise in estrogen and progesterone
PROLIFERATIVE PHASE
development of a new layer of the endometrium overlaps the time of follicle growth and estrogen secretion
Drop in FSH, rise in estrogen
SECRETORY PHASE
increased development of the uterine glands occur in response to progesterone secretion
large amounts of estrogen and progesterone,
EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT
Fertilization of an egg results in a ZYGOTE
Zygote begins to divide into 2,4,8 and so on
becomes a MORULA when it reaches 32-cell
Hollowed group of cells is a BLASTOCYST
Outer layer made of TROPHOBLAST, which later become the CHORION and then the PLACENTA
The INNER MASS CELLS is what becomes the embryo
FETAL DEVELOPMENT
Embryo becomes a fetus at week 9
Vital organs and systems are functioning
Rapid growth happens, some hair appears on head and skin
skeletal muscles become active
mother feels the fetus move-QUICKENING