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liver flukes (Fasciola hepatica (life cycle (infection occurs by ingestion…
liver flukes
Fasciola hepatica
host
(definitive) sheep, cattle
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morphology
Large, flat, leaf-shaped, brown-coloured fluke
two suckers, Oral sucker, Alimentary canal incomplete, anus absent
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life cycle
- infection occurs by ingestion of metacercaria with aquatic plants
- excystation of metacercaria occurs in duodenum, then migrates tru intestinal wall & invade liver capsule
- migrate to hepatic and common bile duct & develop into adult worm
- adult worm release eggs in biliary tract, reached intestine and passed in faeces
- eggs dvlp into larvae(miracidium) in water and larvae escape from egg and enter the snail
- larvae develop into sporocyst and finally develop into cercariae
- cercariae escape from snail in water & encyst on grass, soil or bark and become metacercariae
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Clonorchis sinensis
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morphology
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Adults- elongated, flat, tapering at anterior
end and round at posterior end
Life Cycle
Definitive host- humans, pigs, dogs, cats
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- infection occurs by ingestion of metacercaria
- in duodenom, excystation of metacercaria release young worms attach to mucosa and migrate up to bile duct and reach maturity
- adult worm release egg and passed in feces
- eggs ingested by snail. in the midgut eggs hatch out and form miracidia
- miracidia in snail dvlp into sporocyst stage and dvlp into cercariae
- cercariae escape from snail in water and penetrate to fish's skin
- dvlp into metacercariae, infective to human
Clonorchiasis
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Heavy infections- fever, diarrhoea,epigastric pain,
hepatomegaly, biliary obstruction and jaundice.
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Prophylactic measures
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proper sanitation and disposal of human, cat, dog faeces
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