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Federal system (Unitary government (Features (Single government,…
Federal system
Unitary government
All Powers vested in national government, regional governments derive authority from national government
E.g. -Britain, France, Japan, China, Italy, Belgium, Norway, Sweden, Spain
Features
Single government
Constitution may be written or unwritten
No division of powers
Constitution maybe Supreme or may not be supreme
Constitution may be rigid or flexible
Judiciary can be independent or not
Legislature bicameral or unicameral
Federal government
Powers are divided between national government and regional governments by constitution
E.g. -US, Switzerland, Australia, Canada, Russia, Brazil, Argentina
Features
Dual government
Written constitution
Division of powers
Supremacy of constitution
Rigid constitution
Independent judiciary
Bicameral legislature
Formation of Federation
By integration
Militarily week or economically backward States( independent) come together to form a big and strong Union
USA - first and oldest Federation, formed in 1787, American Revolution 1775- 83, comprises 50 states( originally 13)
By disintegration
Big unitary state is converted into a federation by granting autonomy to the provinces to promote regional interest
Canada -Comprises of 10 provinces( originally 4) formed in 1867
Article 1 says that India that is Bharat shall be a union of States
Indian Federation not a result of an agreement like American Federation
The states do not have any right to secede from the Federation
Federation
- Latin term - ‘foedus’- means Treaty or agreement between the various units
Reason of adoption of federalism in India - the large size of country and its socio cultural diversity
The term ‘ Federation’ nowhere mentioned in the constitution
Indian federalism resembles Canadian Federation in formation, preference and centralising tendency