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Magnetism (Right Hand Rule for Direction of Magnetic Force (The fingers…
Magnetism
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Magnets have a north and south pole. Magnetic field is strongest at these poles. If suspended, the north pole of a bar magnet will point north.
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On earth, the south magnetic pole is near the geographic north pole, and the north magnetic pole is near the geographic south pole.
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Magnetic elements: iron, nickel, cobalt
Permanent magnets (made from iron, nickel, cobalt) retain magnetism for a long time. Temporary magnets (created by rubbing metal object against magnet) only retain this property for a short time.
Spinning electrons constitute a tiny current and produce a magnetic field. A pair of electrons spinning in the same direction produces an even stronger field.
However, in most atoms, electrons spin in opposite directions, canceling each other out, making the material non-magnetic.
In iron, nickel, and cobalt, the electrons do not cancel each other out, thus making them magnetic.
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A magnetic field is the field that surrounds a magnet (like the electric field around a charge) consisting of both a magnitude and direction. The symbol is B, and the unit is the Tesla (T).
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A solenoid is a long, helically wound coil of insulated wire; solenoids produces a strong magnetic field by combining several loops, forming an electromagnet.
North pole is on the side of the solenoid where the current goes in. South pole is on the side of the solenoid where the current goes out.
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Magnetic Poles cannot be isolated, because when you cut a magnet in half, the two new ends will form a north and south pole.
Two parallel wires exert magnetic force on each other. Current flow in opposite directions causes repulsion, while current flow in the same directions causes attraction.