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Molecular Genetics (DNA Structure and Replication (DNA Replication -…

- - - - DNA helicase - breaks the hydrogen bonds of the DNA and makes a replication fork. (two branching strands with bases exposed.)
        
        DNA polymerase - Makes the complementary DNA strand
        
        Leading Strand - DNA strand that the DNA polymerase constructs in a 5 - 3 Direction.
        
        Lagging Strand - The opposite DNA strand in the replication fork goes in opposite direction 3 - 5 (Synthesized in short segments called Okazaki Fragments)
        
        Primase - builds short RNA primer on lagging strand.
        
        DNA ligase - attaches the DNA nucleotides together.
- - - - Chargaff's rules - 1. number of G's = about the same number of C's. the Number of A's is about the same number of T's. 2. DNA composition is varied between other species.
- - - - Ribosomes - Site of protein synthesis
        
        Gene expression - occurs only when the gene product is required by the cell
        
        Transcription - Info in a gene is transcribed into RNA molecule
- - - - Nucleic Acid - Make up RNA. RNA makes proteins
        
        DNA - RNA - Protein.
        
        Transcription - Where genetic instructions in DNA are copied to form complementary strand of RNA