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Intro to Molecular Genetics (RNA (Process (DNA in nucleus, transcription -…
Intro to Molecular Genetics
Central Dogma
Is it always DNA to RNA to proteins?
This idea is the central dogma of molecular biology
Central Dogma of Molecular Biology
DNA contains instructions for the proteins body makes
protein structure is determined by the sequence of amino acids
DNA is found in chromosomes
In eukaryote cells chromosomes remain in the nucleus but proteins are made at ribosomes in the cytoplasm
RNA is a small molecule that squeezes through pores in the nuclear membrane
DNA - RNA - Protein
Two processes in central dogma are transcription and translation
Base Pairing
Base Structures that form DNA
Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine
Guanine
Chargaff's Rules
DNA is composed of nucleotides
contain nitrogen base, 5 carbon sugr, and a phosphate group
Rule 1
amount of one base, a purine, always approx. equals the total of a second base, a pyrimidine
A & T , C & G
Rule 2
amounts of A, T, C, G can vary from species
evidence that DNA could be genetic
DNA Structure and Replication
DNA Replication
process where a cell's entire DNA is copied
each strand of the double helix would serve as a template or synthesis of a new stranf
occurs during the synthesis phase.
semi conservative because the helix has new and old strands
Meselson-Stahl Experiment
found evidence that DNA was semi conservative
Helicase and Polymerase
helicase breaks down hydrogen bonds holding the 2 strands together and forms replication fork
polymerase builds the complementary DNA strand
replication fork grows 5'- 3
2 strands of DNA are built in opposite directions through a leading or lagging strand
replication forks develop along a chromosome , process continues until forks meet
RNA
nucleic acid
allowed in protein synthesis because it can fold into 3 dimensional structures
DNA - RNA - Protein
info from DNA is transferred into RNA
carries info from DNA to make proteins
Process
DNA in nucleus
transcription - RNA
splicing - mRNA
export - mRNA
translation - a.a chain
folding = protein