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Introduction to Molecular Genetics (DNA Replication (DNA replication is…
Introduction to Molecular Genetics
DNA Replication
DNA replication is the process in which a cell’s entire DNA is copied, or replicated
each strand of the double helix would serve as a template for synthesis of a new strand
Occurs during the Synthesis phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle
Each DNA strand has the same exact genetic information
DNA replication is said to be semi-conservative because of this process of replication, where the resulting double helix is composed of both an old strand and a new strand
Semiconservative replication would produce two copies that each contained one of the original strands and one new strand
Conservative replication would leave the two original template DNA strands together in a double helix, with the new DNA composed entirely of two new strands
Dispersive replication would produce two copies of the DNA, both containing a mixture of old and new material
Base Pairing
Chargaff determined that in DNA, the amount of one base, a purine, always approximately equals the amount of a particular second base, a pyrimidine
Chargaff's rule 1 is that the number of guanine units approximately equals the number of cytosine units and the number of adenine units approximately equals the number of thymine units.
Chargaff's rule 2 is that the composition of DNA varied from one species to another.
RNA-Advanced
RNA has many important functions, especially during protein synthesis
ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis
RNA is relatively small and is easily able to carry information out of the nucleus
RNA carries the genetic instructions from the nucleus to the cytoplasm
DNA contains instructions for all the proteins your body makes
copied by RNA
DNA is found in chromosomes
Eukaryotic cells: chromosomes are found in the nucleus
proteins are made at ribosomes in the cytoplasm
RNA is a small molecule that can squeeze through pores in the nuclear membrane.
carries the information from DNA in the nucleus to a ribosome in the cytoplasm and then helps assemble the protein
Proteins determine the structure/function of all our cells
amino acids make up proteins
Instructions for making proteins with the correct sequence of amino acids are encoded in DNA
Central Dogma of Molecular Biology