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5d) Ideal Gas molecules (Colliding Gas particles create pressure (as gas…
5d) Ideal Gas molecules
Brownian motion
In 1827, botanist Robert Brown noticed that pollen grains in water moved in a random motion
This type of movement of any particles in a suspension is known as Brownian motion. It supports particle theory of the different states of matter.
Large, heavy particles (e.g. smoke) can be moved with Brownian motion by smaller, lighter particles (e.g. air) travelling at high speed - which is why smoke particles appear to move around randomly when observed in a lab
Particle theory
particle theory says that gases consist of very small particles which are constantly moving in completely random direction.
the particles constantly collide with each other and with the walls of their container, bouncing off each other, or off the walls
if you increase the temperature of the gas, you give its particles more energy and the average speed of particles increases.
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Absolute Zero
- if you increase the temperature of something, you give its particles more energy - they move about more quickly or vibrate more.
- if you cool a substance down you are reducing the kinetic energy of its particles
- the coldest anything can get is -273 *C - this is known as absolute zero
- atoms have as little kinetic energy as is possible at Absolute Zero
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