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Relationship Between the Sound System & Morphology (English Grammar…
Relationship Between the Sound System & Morphology
English Grammar
Syntax
the study of sentence relationships
Morphology
MORPHEME: smallest unit of meaning that cannot by divided w/o making it meaningless
INFLECTIONAL
allows to build new words out of morphemes; grammatical endings that attach to words
expresses tense, mood, voice, person, aspect, #, gender, case, etc.
8 regular morphological inflections
-ed inflectional ending
participial inflection -ing
comparative (-er) & superlative (-est) inflectional endings
-s inflectional ending
plural nouns
possessives
-en inflectional ending for past participle
DERIVATIONAL
conveys grammatical information :
lexical processes that builds words using a stock of roots, stems and affixes
conversion
nouns that become words w/o addition of derivational inflection.
compounding
affixation
FREE MORPHEME: can stand on its own w/o being attached
PERIPHRASIS: using free morphemes instead of affixes in grammatical contraction
COMPOUNDING: punts two free morphemes side by side to create a new morpheme
BOUND MORPHEME: must attach to another plural -s in a fixed place
ALLOMORPH: different way the same morpheme can show up
PART OF SPEECH ALTERATIONS
verbs and adjectives ending in -ed as /t/, /d/ or /Id/
verb and noun/adjective alteration ending in -ate
POS difference is signaled by stress patterns in a 2-syllable prefix +stem, nouns and verbs
ethymologically related nouns and verbs
lack of integration between grammar and pronunciation can affect other areas of language proficiency, affecting
listening skills
speaking fluidness
writing habilities