Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Genetics (Genes + Genetic Code (Gene is a section of DNA that contains the…
Genetics
Genes + Genetic Code
Gene is a section of DNA that contains the coded information for making polypeptides and functional RNA
Genes are the base sequence that codes for; the amino acid sequence or a functional RNA, including rubosomal RNA and tRNA
-
-
-
-
-
A sequence of three DNA bases, called a triplet, codes for a
specific amino acid
Exons, code for amino acid sequences
Exons are separated by one or more non-coding
sequences, called introns
-
-
-
RNA
-
-
Polymer, made up of repeating mononucleotide sub-units
Each nucleotide is made up from a pentose sugar, organic base and phosphate
-
-
-
-
Translation
-
-
-
-
-
-
The process continues to build a polypeptide chain, ribosomes can then reach a stop codon and they separate to form a long chain polypeptide
Transcription
-
1) An enzyme acts on the specific region of DNA causing two strands to separate and expose the nucleotide bases
2) The nucleotide bases act as a template strand and pair with complementary nucleotides, RNA polymerase then joins the strands to form pre-mRNA
3) As RNA polymerase adds the nucleotides together, the DNA strands rejoin behind it, only 12 base pairs on the DNA are exposed at one time
4) When RNA polymerase reaches a particular sequence of bases on the DNA that it recognises as a stop codon, it detaches and the transcription is complete
In prokaryotes, transcription results directly in the production of mRNA from DNA
Species + Taxonomy
-
Courtship = to recognise members of own species, identify a mate, form a pair bond, synchronise mating + become able to breed
Classification - practice = taxonomy, artificial = differences that are useful at the time of classification, Phylogenetic = evolutionary relationships, into groups (hierarchy-no overlap)
-
-
DNA
-
-
-
An allele is an alternative form of a gene, each individual has one allele from each parent
-
Selection
-
-
Directional selection, exemplified by antibiotic resistance in bacteria, and stabilising selection, exemplified by human birth weights.
Adaptations may be anatomical, physiological or behavioural.
Splicing pre-mRNA
-
-
The mRNA molecules are too large to diffuse out of the nucleus so once they have been spliced, they leave via the nuclear pore
The mRNA is attracted to the ribosomes to which it becomes attached, ready for translation
-
Assembling a protein
The polypetide is coiled or folded, producing its secondary structure
The secondary structure is folded, producing its tertiary structure
Different chains, along with non-protein groups are linked to form the quaternary structure
-