Maslow - Humanist
Hierarchy of Needs
Humanist study the whole person.
5 tier model of human needs.
People are motivated to achieve certain needs and some take precedence over others. Our most basic need is physical survival, and this is the first that motivates our behaviour. Once that level is fulfiled, the next level up is what motivates us. Until we reach self-actualisation.
Personal growth and fulfilment in life is a basic human motive. Each person wants to better themselves and make the world better.
It can be divided into deficiency needs (D) and growth needs (G).
D arise due to deprivation and are said to motivate people when they are unmet. The motivation to fulfil them will become stronger, the longer the duration that they are denied. When D has become 'more of less' satisfied it will go away. For example, the more a person goes without food, the hungrier they will become.
G do not come from a lack of something, rather from a desire to grow as a person. Once G have been reasonably satisfied, you may be able to reach the highest level. Every person is capable of achieving this, however, progress is usually disrupted due to failure to meet D. For example, life experiences such as divorce or going into care can cause an individual to fluctuate between levels.
5 levels
1) Biological - air/food/drink/ warmth/shelter/sex/sleep.
2) Safety - protection from elements/ security/law/stability.
3) Love - friendship/intimacy/ trust/receiving and giving affection/being part of a group.
4) Esteem - for oneself (dignity/achievement/ independence) and for reputation (status/ respect from others).
5) Self-actualisation - realising personal potential/self-fulfilment/ seeking personal growth.
Link to PIES
Physical
Intellectual
Biological needs - needs food/warmth, which are generally understood to be basic needs to be met before they can progress to a higher level.
Safety needs - needs to feel safe physically, thus allowing for development of physical skills, such as participating in sports and being secure.
Biological needs - food/water/sleep must be met first as a child is less likely to learn/be able to concentrate if they are hungry/thirsty/tired.
Esteem needs - feeling good about self; the child needs to feel confident in their ability to learn and must be provided with opportunities to learn.
Emotional
Safety needs - needs to feel safe emotionally, thus allowing for development of emotional skills, such as independence and emotional security
Love needs - needs love and affection to be shown by familiy, care givers and friends; they need a sense of belonging.
Esteem needs - needs to feel respected by experiencing success
Self-actualisation - met the ultimate goal in life and are free to explore who they have become and are likely to feel independent, emotionally fulfilled and have positive emotional development.
Social
Love needs - needs love and affection to be shown by family, caregivers and friends; they need a sense of belonging.
Esteem needs - feeling good about self; the child needs to feel confident in their ability to meet other and must be provided with opportunities.