Geography
Weather and Climate
Crowded Coasts
OS Map Skills
Land forms of Erosion
Land forms of Deposition
Processes of Erosion, Transportation, Deposition
Coastal Protection Methods
Waves and Tide
The Water going back out again is called Backwash
The Water coming onto the Beach is called the Swash
Erosion
Attrition is where pebbles hit against the cliff and each other making them smaller
Abrasion is where tiny rocks are thrown against the cliff
Hydraulic Action is where the force of the water erodes away the cliff
Solution is where the salts and acids dissolve the cliff face
Human uses of the Coast
Rivers
Rip Rap
Groynes
Gabions
Sea Wall
Beach Nourishment
Scooping up sand from the sea bed and putting it on beach
Cages filled with rocks which are stacked to create a way which absorbs the energy of the waves reducing erosion
Wooden Fences built up at a right angle to the Beach which breaks up the waves as well as stopping long shore drift
Boulders piled up on the coast line absorbs the energy of the waves preventing energy
A giant concrete wall that deflects waves and prevents flooding
Wave cut platforms are created when the water erodes a wave cut notch into a cliff. It gets deeper and deeper until the rock becomes unstable and collapses creating a wave cut platform.
Coves
They are formed when soft rock is sandwich between hard rock
Arches, Stacks or stumps
Arches are formed when the water erodes soft spots in the rock. The arch gets bigger and bigger until the roof collapses creating stacks. The water then erodes away the stack until it creates a stump
Synoptic weather maps
Weather measurement
Thermometer (Temperature)
In degrees
Wind Vane (Wind direction)
In North, South, East or West
Anemometer (Wind Speed)
In mph
Beaches are made made by constructing waves but they can also be destroyed by deconstructing waves that have a stronger backwash
Tourism
Energy production (Tidal energy)
Residence
Business
Rain
Frontal
Convectional
Relief
Where hot air meets cold air cooling to create clouds
Where the land warms up causing the air above it to risd
Where air is forced to cool over mountains
4 figure
6 figure
Scale 1cm-1km
(##,##)
Eastings
Northings
Longitude (Up)
Latitude (Side to Side)
(###,###)
Contour lines
Barometer (Pressure)
Bars
Drainage Basin
Source
Confluence
Channel
Tributary
Mouth