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TYPES OF ASSESSMENT (SUMMATIVE (DEFINITION The general assessment of a…

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      - DISADVANTAGES
        
        1.Not always the most accurate reflection of learning
        
        They do nothing to identify and remedy instructional problems before they become critical
        3.Having one big test makes everyone anxious and is disruptive to school life.
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        1.Used to determine whether and to what degree students have learned the lesson they have been taught
        
        2.Generally evaluative, rather than diagnostic
        
        Used to
        
        1.Evaluate the effectiveness of educational programs
        
        2.Measure progress toward improvement goals
        
        3.Make course-placement decisions, among other possible applications
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        It decreases the time taken for students to receive their feedback
        
        3.By grading papers, students are better able to understand the grading process and recognize their own strengths and weakness while learning how to think while completing assignments
        
        1.It allows teachers to manage their time more effectively while having students grade each other’s papers results in a more efficient classroom setting
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      - DISSADVANTAGES
        
        1.Additional briefing time can increase a lecturer’s workload.
        
        2.The process has a degree of risk with respect to reliability of grades as peer pressure to apply elevated grades or friendships may influence the assessment
        
        3.Students may be reluctant to make judgements regarding their peers.
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        1.Subjectivity in scoring
        
        2.Difficult to assess what is relevant and important among different educators
        
        3.Limits skills and knowledge that is assessed
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        1.It uses tasks that reflect normal classroom activities" (real life learning);
        
        It focuses on higher order thinking skills" (Bloom's Taxonomy);
        
        3.It embeds assessment in the classroom context" (real world contexts)
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        1.Students become more skilled at adjusting what they are doing to improve the quality of their work
        
        2.Increased responsibility for students’ own learning and more opportunities for self-reflection
        
        It reduces achievement gaps, having positive effects on low achievers
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      - DISSADVANTAGES
        
        1.Self evaluation has a risk of being perceived as a process of presenting inflated grades and being unreliable.
        
        2.Self-assessment assignments can take more time.
        
        3.Students may feel ill equipped to undertake the assessment.
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        Establishes a baseline for the class
        
        -Allows for better differentiation plans for the students
        
        -Provides a frame of reference for later assessments
      - DISSADVANTAGES
        
        It may cause an educator to make incorrect inferences about a child's ability level
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        1.Uppercase and lowercase letters 2.Numbers 3.Shapes 4.Letter sounds
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      - DISSADVANTAGES
        
        2.Difficult to assess objectively
        
        3.Takes more time
        
        1.Difficulty in grading consistently across diverse sets of portfolios
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        2.Reflects student learning over time
        
        3.Contains evidence of a wide range of skills
        
        1.Reflects attitudes and values as well as skills and knowledge
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        NO CHILD LEFT BEHIND ACT
        Since the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) law took effect in 2002, it has had a sweeping impact on U.S. public school classrooms. It affects what students are taught, the tests they take, the training of their teachers and the way money is spent on education.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No_Child_Left_Behind_Act
      - DISSADVANTAGES
        
        1.Pressure to succeed on high stakes tests is felt by students, resulting in anxiety for young children.
        
        2.Elementary schools with poor test scores are at risk of losing federal and state funding.
        
        3.To help students pass high stakes standardized testing, schools are forced to eliminate subjects that will not be tested. Music and art are often reduced or eliminated, in favor of increasing instructional time in reading or math.
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        1.Based on clearly defined standards and provide important information on students' performance growth and declines
        
        2.Can highlight gaps in an individual student's knowledge, classroom achievement gaps or school achievement gaps
        
        May motivate students to improve their performance, especially when test results are tied to high school diplomas and grade promotion
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      - DISADVANTAGES
        
        1.Usually the mostly costly approach
        
        2.Time consuming and labor intensive to design and execute for faculty and students
        
        3.Must be carefully designed if used to document obtainment of student learning outcomes
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        1.Can be used to assess from multiple perspectives
        
        2.Using a student-centered design can promote student motivation
        
        3.Engages student in active learning
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        1.Timeliness of results enables teachers to adjust instruction quickly, while learning is in progress.
        
        2.Students who are assessed are the ones who benefit from the adjustments.
        
        3.Students can use th results to adjust and improve their own learning
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        It Is time-consuming as it requires significant, ongoing dedication and effort from the teacher to sustain
        
        Doesn't hold the teacher accountable for their students results
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        1.It provides an abundance of information.
        
        2.There is a huge emphasis on the interpersonal interaction, making it more suited to people with exam anxiety
        
        It gives teachers the ability to include adaptations and accommodations
      - DISSADVANTAGES
        
        Reduced efficiency - evaluate as you go
        
        Required experience and expertise - typically admiistered to children with special needs or learning diffiuclties
        
        Limited practicality - takes a long time
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