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CH 26 Community Ecology (Predator-Prey interactions (Competition between…
CH 26 Community Ecology
Diversity
Diversity and Scale
Larger Area= More diversity
Species Area Relationship
S=cA^z
S= # of species
A=Area
c and z are constants
Diversity and Latitude
Far Northern areas have less species
Predator-Prey interactions
1 predator- 1 prey
Population density Paths:
1: Prey pop. decreases, Predator pop. decreases
Cycles up and down
2: Prey pop. becomes low/extinct, Predator pop. " "
3: Other factors limit predator, both species remain stable
stable sizes indefinitely
Predator selection among multiple prey
Factors in choice
1: Probably of finding prey
2: Decision to Attack
3: Successfully Eaten
Competition between species
Explotation Competition
Plants share same resource
Interference competition
Organism restricts other resource
Organisms do not share same resource
Apparent Competition
Increase of one plant population= decrease of another
Beneficial Interaction Between Species
Mutualistic relationship
Both organisms benefit
Facilitation
One organism helps another with 0 benefit
Metapopulations in Patchy Environments
Metapopulation
Several local populations are interconnected
Common Model of Metapops.
1: A region is made of many patches where species lives
2:Some suitable patches are occupies/others are not
3:Empty patches will be colonized
4: Populations in patches may go extinct
Interconnectedness of Species: Food Chains and Food Webs
Food Chain
Direct line of consumption
Food Web
Trace all the prey of the top predators
Keystone species
Species that dramatically affect its community
Food Chain
Food Web
