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Community Ecology (Concepts (Community (Group of species), Succession…
Community Ecology
Concepts
Community
Group of species
Succession
Sequence of changes
Climax community
Leads to stability
Community Restoration
Reintroducing species
Habitat loss
Habitat Fragmentation
Metapopulations in Patchy Environments
Metapopulation
Interaction by
Migration
Geneflow
Source Habitat
High-quality patch
Sink habitat
Low-quality patch
Fugitive species
Colonize new patches
Flourish temporarily
Colonize more patches
Assisted Dispersal
Captured in one area
Released in another
Beneficial Interations Between Species
Mutualism
Both Benefit
Facilitation
Helps with no benefit
Nurse plant
alter small area
Primary Succession
Established on new substrates
Predator-Prey Interactions
One Predator, One Prey
Functional Response
Feeding rate and handling time
Prey-Dependent
Predator depend on prey
Zero Growth Isocline
Population stability
Paradox of Enrichment
Lead to death of both
Maximum Sustained Yield
Enough to be stable
Fixed Effort Harvesting
Amount can be harvested
Fixed Quota Harvesting
Particular amount
Predator Selection Among Multiple Prey
Optimal Foraging Theory
Why some plants are eaten
Optimal Diet Model
Competition Between Species
Resource
Exploitation Competition
Consume shared resource
Increased growth rates
As it grows
Interference Competition
One organism restricts
Invasive
increase with competator
Apparent Competition
Increase in one
Decrease in others
Not actually competing
Interconnectedness of Species: Food Chains and Food Webs
Food chain
Direct line of consumption
Food web
network of interrelationships
Energy flow web
Energy flow through community
Keystone species
Presence or absence
Dramatically affects structure
Diversity
Diversity and Scale
Scale
Amount of area to organisms
Species-area relationship
S
=
cAz
Species abundance distribution
Counts all species in area
Diversity and Latitude
Varies
Upper North
Less Diveristy
Equator
Much Diversity
Due to Evolution
