Period 1 
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KC 1.2 Contact among Europeans, Native Americans, and Africans resulted in the Columbian Exchange and major social, cultural, and political changes on both sides of the Atlantic.
KC 1.1 As native populations migrated and settled across the vast expanse of N.A. over time, they developed distinct and increasingly complex societies by adapting to and transforming their diverse environments
Spread of the farming of maize/corn from Mexico northward supported economic development, new settlements, better irrigation, and social diversification among societies
Societies responded to the dry nature of the Great Basis and Great plains by developing mobile, nomadic ways of living
In the Northeast, the Mississippi River Valley, and along the Atlantic coast most societies combined farming with hunting-gathering. This allowed the rise of permanent settlements.
Societies in the NW and present-day Cali supported themselves by hunting-gathering, and in some areas developed settlements supported by coastal resources.
European nations' efforts to explore and conquer the New World resulted from a desire for new sources of wealth, economic and military competition, and a desire to spread Christianity
The Columbian Exchange brought new crops to Europe from the Americas, stimulating European population growth, and new sources of mineral wealth, which facilitated the European shift from feudalism to capitalism.
Improvements in maritime tech and more organized trade, such as joint-stock companies, helped drive changes to economies in Europe and the Americas.
corn, potatoes, squash, tobacco, etc.
SILVER from Central and South America
J-S companies helped gather investments and limit the risk taken by investors. Investing in trading companies was less risky, investing in a colony was more risky. King James I supported the Virginia Company, which founded Jamestown.
English privateers raided Spanish ships carrying silver back from the New World
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Spanish exploration and conquest were accompanied by spread of disease to the peoples of the New World and by the introduction of new plant and animal species.
Encomienda System - Spanish colonial economy organized Native Americans onto plantations to grow crops or work in mines or quarries.
Europeans traded with West African tribes to acquire slaves, transported them across the Atlantic to work on plantations or mines/quarries
Spanish developed a caste system that ranked various race/mixed-race groups into a hierarchy which granted or limited status and rights in their expansive New World empire
Spread of smallpox, flu, typhoid etc wiped out vast majority of NA native population
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OLD WORLD
NEW WORLD
Misunderstandings defined early relationships, but over time Europeans and NA's adopted some of each other's culture
INTERACTIONS
Often NA's sought to use diplomacy or military power to defend their ancestral lands, way of life, culture, etc.
Europeans were conflicted about how their relationship with NA's and Africans fit within their religious worldview, some sought to justify subjugation and slavery, others rejected it as unbiblical
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