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Circulation and Gas Exchange,
Osmoregulation and Excretion
Ch(s): 42…
Circulation and Gas Exchange,
Osmoregulation and Excretion
Ch(s): 42 & 44
Circulatory System
3 basic components:
- circulatory fluid
- interconnecting fluids
- muscular pump (ie: heart)
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oxygen pumps to heart and other organs,
carbon dioxide exits
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Double Pump
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--- frogs, reptiles, birds, mammals
Heart Types
Fish Heart
- 1 atrium
- 1 Ventricle
- "Single circulation"
- 2 chambers
Reptile Heart
- 2 atria
- 1 ventricle
- "Double circulation"
- 3 chambered heart
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Mammalian Heart
- 2 atria
- 2 ventricles
- "Double circulation"
- 4 chambered heart
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Artery, Vein and Capillaries
Artery
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structure: thick, strong
contain muscles, elastic fibres and fibrous tissues
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Capillary
f(x): supply cells with what they need, takes away waste products
structure: very thin, only one cell thick
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Blood
f(x): delivers fluid, gas and nutrients to cells and organs and removes wastes
regulates pH, body temperature and water content of cells
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Respiratory Funcitons
f(x): provide oxygen gas need for cellular respiration and removes waste/ carbon dioxide from the body
Skin
moist skin to be able to absorb oxygen, excretes sweats
--- amphibians, earthworms
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Breathing
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muscles involved: ribs, lungs, diaphragm
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Nitrogen Wastes
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Urea
mammals, most amphibians
sharks
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Uric Acid
many reptiles, insects, land snails
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Nephron
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Collecting duct - reabsorption of water, urine to pelvis
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