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Methods of Production (Job (Disadvantages (Long lead times, Wide range of…
Methods of Production
Job
When products are made one at a time from start to finish. Applies to luxury products or items made to order. Creates unique and high quality products. High Labour to Capital ratio
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Advantages
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Production easily organised, therefore increased productivity
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Flow
When products are produced at a constant rate, resulting in large quantities of one type of standardised product. Appplies to basic products that are easily reproducible and have little variation. Very capital intensive.
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Batch
When products are produced in batches. Applies to specific products that vary in size or appearance. Can also be useful for identifying or labelling groups of products, like tablets of paracetamol. More capital intensive than job.
Advantages
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Job rotation easy to facilitate, therefore workers are more motivated
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Lean
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Approaches
TIM(s)WOOD [Transportation - Inventory - Motion - Waiting - Over-processing - Over-production - Defects] These things are to be left to a minimum
Just-in-time production- reducing inventory waste through minimising stock holding. This allows businesses to adapt to demand
Kaizen [Japanese] (continuous improvement)- ALL employees seek to make continuous improvement, involves numerous meetings and consultations in order to make small changes that improve quality
Cell production- production in stages; each cell takes responsibility for one stage, becoming skilled in their cell and self-organised
Team working- workers are dived into teams and focus on one aspect of production. 'Team spirit' increases motivation, communication and labour relations are improved and the workers become more able to make decisions more quickly
Multi-skilling- workers are capable in multiple disciplines, becoming flexible, allowing them to cover for absent colleagues