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Skinner - Behaviourism (Key terms: (Operant conditioning - type of…
Skinner - Behaviourism
Operant Conditioning
Focus on observable stimulus-response behaviour and behaviour learnt through interaction with the environment.
All behaviour is learnt from the environment - environmental factors (external influences). We learn new behaviour by operant conditioning.
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Skinner studied Operant Conditioning by conducting experiments using animals that he placed in a 'Skinner Box'.
OC is the changing of behaviour by the use of reinforcements, which is given after the desired response. He identified 3 types of responses that can follow behaviour.
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:warning: Reinforces - responses from the environment that increases the probability of behaviour being repeated. Can either be positive or negative.
:warning: Punishers - responses from the environment that decreases the probability of behaviour being repeated.
Key terms:
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Negative reinforcement - the removal of a stimulus after a response, so that the response will occur.
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Not useful
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Required behaviour is not explained (i.e. children may not understand why they have to act in a certain way children)
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Attention is reward enough - therefore, how can negative behaviour be rewarded.
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