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Urinary System (Nephron Physiology (Filtration (GFR regulation…

- - - - Filtered: filtrate includes glucose, amino acids, ions, urea, some hormones, vitamins B & C, ketones, & very small amounts of protein
      - Not filtered: erythrocytes, platelets, large proteins, leukocytes
    - - Blood colloid osmotic pressure (OPg): usually pulls fluids into the glomerulus
      - Capsular hydrostatic pressure (HPc): impedes the movement of additional fluid from the blood into the capsular space
    - - HPg-(OPg+HPc) = NFP
    - - Rate at which the volume of filtrate is formed (volume per unit time)
      - Net filtration directly influences the GFR
    - - Renal auto regulation maintains GFR
      - Sympathetic stimulation decreases GFR
        
        Vasoconstriction of afferent & efferent arterioles
        
        Renin release; increased production of angiotensin II
      - Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) increases GFR
        
        Vasodilation of afferent arteriole
        
        Inhibition of renin release; decrease in angiotensin II production