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Chronic Asthma (Treatment (Patient and family education (Inhaler…
Chronic Asthma
Treatment
Inhaled corticosteroid
Long acting beta-2 agonists
Short acting beta-2 agonists
Referral to respiratory specialist for further management if needed
Avoidance of triggers
Promotion of good quality of living
Patient and family education
Inhaler techniques
Action plans for exacerbation
Importance of maintaining or achieving a health weight/diet
Theophylline
Leukotriene modifers
Combination inhalers that include both a corticosteroid and a long-acting beta agonist
Clinical Presentation
Increased narrowing of the airway
Unproductive cough
Wheezing
Chest tightness and pressure
Dyspnea
Tachypnea
Shortness of breath
Difficulty with exercise
Epidemiology
Family history of asthma
Women are more likely than men
African American and Hispanic patients are at an increased risk for further complication and issues related to asthma compared to Caucasian patients
Ages 18-24 are at an increased risk for asthma
Boys are more likely to have asthma in girls in children
Smokers and obese individuals are at an increased risk
Bakers, forestry workers, farmers, cleaners, painters, dental workers, electricians, laboratory technicians, waitresses, workers that work with the following materials: plastic, textiles, metal, chemicals, rubber, and storage
Respiratory and parasitic infections
Diagnosis
Spirometry
Peak expiratory flow
Exercise tests
Chest x-ray (for ruling out purposes)
Personal and family history
Physical examination
Pathophysiology
Increased sensitivity to viral infections, bacterial colonization, or vitiated lung development result in the intractable inflammation of the bronchial mucosa and hyperresponsiveness in the airway
The dendritic cells, lymphocytes, mast cells, eosinophils, T-helper two cells, B-lymphocytes, neutrophils, and basophils cause the inflammation and hyperresponsiveness
The airway in chronic asthma continues to narrow and does not return back to normal following an exacerbation, which results in further narrowing during an exacerbation