Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Health (Developed Country: Heart Disease (Causes (Smoking (Tar blocks up…

- - - - Nicotine increases heart rate, raising blood pressure, puts strain on heart, causing heart disease.
      - Tar blocks up lungs, requires faster breaths, raising heart rate.
        
        High blood pressure, causes heart disease.
    - - High blood pressure, causes heart disease.
      - Causes comfort eating
        
        See unhealthy diet
    - - Junk food is high in cholesterol, blocks up arteries
        
        Prevents blood from reaching muscles, tissue dies
        
        Heart disease
        
        Can block arteries entirely, stroke or heart attack
      - Can cause obesity
        
        harder to pump blood, strain on heart
    - - Weaker heart and lungs
        
        Heart and lungs work harder
        
        raises blood pressure
        
        heart disease
    - - Some families are more at risk
  - - - Advice on changing bad diets and getting more exercise
    - - Pacemakers. defib, drugs, surgery
    - - Awareness
    - - Better Diet
        
        See Causes-Unhealthy Diet for necessary detail
      - More exercise
        
        See lack of exercise for detail
      - Stop smoking
        
        See Smaoking
      - Reduce stress levels
  - - - Job
        
        Office = little exercise
        
        MEDCs
    - - Japan Vs. UK/USA
    - - Afford to eat too much = Obesity
      - Stuck between riches and poverty
        
        Cheap food = unhealthy food in MEDCs
    - - People taught how to avoid heart disease
- - - - HIV more likely to develop into AIDs
    - - Lowers development, higher chances of rape
  - - - Less tax paid to government
        
        Less available money to be spent on healthcare, education, development
    - - Cycle of disease
      - Children have to work to support their ill families
        
        Lower education, wealth and health of generations
        
        Lower development
    - - Prevention, detection, treatment
        
        Less money for development
    - - Fewer economically active years
        
        Fewer adults working
        
        Smaller economy, less room for economic growth
  - - - Fewer people have unprotected sex
      - Fewer people share needles
    - - Less unprotected sex
        
        Spread to fewer people
    - - HIV isn't passed from mother to child.
      - HIV is less likely to develop into AIDs: Antiretrovirals
    - - Lower spread, people know they will spread it so are more cautious.
    - - Slows development into AIDS
      - Lowers drug use, fewer syringe-related cases occur
- - - - Female Anopheles mosquito bites
        
        Plasmodium causes malaria
        
        A person carries that plasmodium
        
        Mosquito bites person, drinking that blood, infecting it
        
        Mosquito bites someone else, injecting the plasmodium with its saliva
        
        Person 2 has malaria, process repeats
        
        Eggs laid in stagnant water, larvae live in that water, pupa next then adult mosquito.
      - Blood transfusions = Plasmodium transfusions
    - - Physical
        
        Close proximity to a vector
        
        Within 1km of breeding grounds
        
        Hot, wet climate
        
        Anopheles live between 15-40C
        
        Rain = flooding = breeding grounds
        
        Shade
        
        For resting and digesting
        
        Trees for example
        
        Most active at dawn and dusk
      - Human
        
        Towns near stagnant water
        
        Food source next to breeding grounds
        
        Quickly spread
        
        Reservoirs
        
        Poor sanitation
        
        Open stagnant liquid
        
        More breeding
        
        It doesn't matter how big the area of water is
        
        Bare skin
        
        Esp. wrists and ankles
        
        Movement of people
        
        Malaria is spread between areas
        
        Newly infected areas have no immunity, more vulnerable
        
        War, famine, tourism
        
        Incorrect use of drugs
        
        Doesn't fully eradicate plasmodium, comes back
        
        Climate change
        
        Zones that mosquito can live in grow
  - - - Blood vessels become clogged with dead cells
        
        Stroke from brain starvation of blood
        
        Coma/death
    - - Cold stage (1 hour)
        
        Hot stage (several hours)
        
        Sweating (2-3 hours)
        
        Recovery (several days)
        
        Repeat from Cold stage
        
        Very weak
        
        Soaked with sweat
        
        High temp
        
        Dizziness
        
        Headache
      - Blue with cold
      - Violent shivering
      - Feels cold, rising temp
    - - Lower development, lower economy - see HIV/AIDS
  - - - Use insecticides such as DDT
        
        Sprayed on buildings and breeding grounds
        
        Destroys the nervous system
        
        Damages human health, so is banned in most places
        
        Also is expensive, smells, turns buildings yellow and less effective because mosquitos develop resistance against it
    - - Swell up, stick to larvae and drown them
        
        Wastes food
    - - Creates a layer over water, prevents larvae breathing, kills them
        
        Wastes food
    - - Muddy loach, guppy
        
        Farmers get to eat fish for protein or sell it for extra income
        
        Ideal for paddy fields
    - - Sterile males
        
        Stops breeding cycle
        
        Very effective
        
        In Cayman Islands, there was an 80% drop in mosquito numbers in 80 days
        
        Expensive
        
        Moral issues - should we play God etc.
    - - BTI destroys stomach lining of larvae
      - Cheap and environmentally friendly
      - Must be redone every 45 days, but could be a game for kids?
    - - Suffocates larvae as above
        
        Impractical, one can't cover all stagnant water
        
        Terrible for environment
    - - Drain swamps every 7 days
        
        Impractical
        
        Can't drain all the water
        
        A lot of work
        
        Heavy rainfall renders work obsolete
      - Plant Eucalyptus trees
        
        Fast growing, removes stagnant water = no breeding ground
        
        Takes a long time to drain swamps
        
        Creates shade, good for mosquitos
    - - Larium
        
        Nightmares, nausea, headaches
        
        Given to soldiers
      - Malarone
        
        Nausea, headaches
        
        Very expensive
      - Quinhoasu
        
        Extracted from Artemisin plant
        
        Reacts with iron to kill the parasite
        
        Takes 18 months to grow
    - - Trials underway
        
        40% effective
    - - Repellents and covering up
        
        Fewer mosquito bites occur, so spread of malaria decreases
        
        It is difficult to educate illiterate societies
      - ITN (Insecticide Treated Nets)
        
        Stop mosquitos from biting in morning and evening, when they are most active
        
        Cheap
        
        Need to be retreated
        
        Misuse of nets provided e.g. Fishing
        
        Can be educated against this
        
        Tradition and superstition causes some societies to dislike using them