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Nervous System (functions of neurones (Relay Neurones (mainly found in…

- - - - can have an irregular or circular cell body
      - the whole neurone is found inside the CNS. Axons and dendrons are usually short.
      - Dendrites synapse with sensory neurones and other relay neurones. Axon terminals synapse with motor neurones or other relay neurones
  - - - Motor neurones have irregular cell body with long axons and short dendrons
      - The cell body and dendrites are inside the CNS, while the axon is outside the CNS. Dendrites synapse with relay neurones and axons synapse with effectors.
  - - - circular cell body with a long dendron and a short axon
      - cell body and dendrites are outside the CNS and the axon is inside the CNS Dendrites synapse with receptors and axon terminals synapse with relay neurones
- - - - Function
        
        Concerned with intelligence, memory, learning and overall control of all voluntary action
        
        Concerned with the regulation of body temperature and water potential of blood
    - - Function
        
        Controls muscular coordination, especially in maintaining balance
        
        Controls involuntary actions, eg heartbeat, peristalsis and the contraction and dilation of blood vessels
    - - Function
        
        Controls sight and visual reflexes
  - - - It is located in the outer region of the spinal cord and contains the nerve fibres of sensory neurones.
    - - It is is filled with cerebrospinal fluid which helps maintain the structure of the spinal cord and provide the spinal cord withoxygen and nutrients.
    - - It is located in the inner region of the spinal cord and contains the cell bodies of relay neurons and motor neurons
    - - Function: It contains only nerve fibres of motor neurones, which transmit nerve impulses from the spinal cord to the effectors.
    - - Function: A small swelling that contains the cell bodies of sensory neurones
    - - Function: It coontains only nerve fibres of sensory neurones, which transmit nerve impulses from the receptors to the spinal cord
- - - - Somatic Nervous System
        
        To the muscles under voluntary control (eg skeletal muscles)
      - Autonomic Nervous System
        
        To the muscles under involuntary control (eg muscles lining the alimemtary tract)
- - - - Receptors then transmit this information to the CNS by producing messages known as nerve impulses via neurones
        
        The CNS receives the nerve impulses and processes it
        
        The CNS the transmits nerve impulses via the neurones to the appropiate effectors to carry out the required response
- - - - Dendron - transmit nerve impulse to the cell body, the end branches of dendron are called dendrites which receive signals from other neurones
      - Axon - transmit nerve impulse away from the cell body, the ends of the axon are called axon terminals which transmits nerve impulses to effectors
      - Myelin sheath - covers most long nerve fibres. Its presence insulates nerve fibre and increases speed of transmission of nerve impulses
      - Node of ranvier - regions where myelin sheath is absent