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Properties and uses of metals (Ferrous metals (Cast iron (Made from iron…
Properties and uses of metals
Ferrous
Contain Iron and small amounts of other metals or elements
Produce alloys with different properties
Almost all are magnetic
They rust and protective coatings need to be added to them
Non ferrous
Contain no iron, so they don't rust
More useful with metals that are more likely to come in contact with moisture
Some can be expensive
Used in food containers to electrical equipment
Ferrous metals
Cast iron
Made from iron and 3.5% carbon
Used in car break disks, heavy crushing machines
Strong under compression but can't be forged
Vice or machine parts
Hard skin, soft core
Variety of alloys
Mild steel
Touch ductile and malleable, poor resistance to corrosion
Cant be tempered or hardened
Iron and 0.15-0.35% carbon
Used in nails, screws, car bodies, furniture frames, building frames and structures
Recyclable
Not too expensive
Medium carbon steel
Stron and hard but less ductile, tough or malleable
Iron and 0.4-0.7% carbon
Used in gardening tools, springs
High carbon steel
Very hard, difficult to cut, less ductile, tough or malleable
Iron and 0.8-1.5% carbon
Used in scissors and chisels
Stainless steel
Hard and tough but very good resistance to corrosion
Alloys if steel; chromium, nickel and magnesium
Sinks, cutlery, work faces, dishes
Difficult to cut
High speed steel
Very hard, resistant to friction and can only be sharpened by grinding
Alloys include; tungsten, chromium, vanadium,
Lathe cutting tools, drills, milling cutters
Non ferrous metals
Copper
Malleable, ductile and tough
good conductor of electricity
easily joined
A green patina forms when exposed to the air or water for long periods of time
Pure metal
Plumbing fittings, electrical equipment roofing due to green vendering
can be expensive
Aluminium
Strong for weight, light soft and ductile
Good conductor of heat and electricity
Difficult to join
pure metal but used as alloy
Kitchen foils, cooking pans, window frames as alloy
Non toxic material that polishes well
Zinc
Very week and heavy
resists corrosion but difficult to work
Used to electric plate and hot dip ferrous product
pure metal
Protect from rusting on roofing, crash barriers
Grey, silver colour
Gold
A precious metal that is extremely malleable and ductile
High resistance to corrosion
Pure metal, normally used as an alloy that includes silver, copper or platinum
Jewellery, gold leaf, Ornaments, bullion, electrical contacts
24 carat is highest purest metal of gold
Less than 18-9 carat means it is an alloy
Alloys
Alloys are
Combination of pure metals
2 or more are combined to produce a new type of metal
They are very strong but brittle
Brass
Hey, quite hard and gold in colour
\easily machined and joined by soldering
copper 65% zinc 35%
castings, garden ornaments, taps and valves
Harder than copper
Bronze
Reddish yellow in colour
harder than brass
corrosion resistant and casts well
copper 80% tin, aluminium or nickel are added
bearings and gears, architectural fittings, cast sculptures