Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
CH.18 CLASSIFICATION &SYSTEMATICS (LEVELS OF TAXONOMIC CATEGORIES !…
CH.18 CLASSIFICATION &SYSTEMATICS
LEVELS OF TAXONOMIC CATEGORIES !
ORDER
"Fabales"
FAMILY
"Fabaceae"
1 or several genera
cacti
orchids
grasses
CLASS
"Magnoliopsida"
names in "-opsida"
GENUS
"Lupinus"
DIVISION
"Magnoliophyta"
names end in "-phyta"
SPECIES
"Lupinus texensis"
can interbreed w/ each other
KINGDOM
"plantae"
animal or plant
COMMON NAME
"Texas bluebonnet"
Species Epithet
distinguishes species from another
CLADISTICS
CLADOGRAMS
method of analyzing phylogenetic evolutionary relationships
diagram that shows evolutionary patterns
branches=node=taxon
common ancestor
clade
study of phylogeny centers
examining similarities of 1 species to others
OTHER TYPES OF CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS
FOR FOSSILS
combines artificial&natural
form genera
form&structure classified together
ARTIFICIAL CLASASIFICATION SYSTEM
several obvious key characters are basis
TAXONOMIC STUDIES
type specimen
single preserved plant that truly carries name
Isotypes
specimen similar to the Type Specimen
locked up to prevent being destroyed
MAJOR LINES OF EVOLUTION
ARCHAEA
EUKARYA
BACTERIA
KINGDOM PLANTAE
SEED BEARING &VASCULAR
gymnosperms & angiosperms
NO SEEDS W/XYLEM
ferns
NO SEEDS
mosses, liverworts, hornworts
PHYLOGENY
history of evolution of a species or group
Binomial System of Nomenclature
every species into one genus or another
Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics
incorrect idea
all cells produced fluid that turn into genitalia
MONOPHYLETIC
1 genus has the same ancestor
PARAPHYLETIC
clade that contains ancestral taxon
several but not all its descendants
POLYPHYLETIC
members have evolved from different ancestors
SYNAPOMORPHIES
homologous features
common ancestor
undergone convergent evolution
HOMOPLASIES
analogous features
cacti & succulent
AUTOPOMORPHIES
UNIQUE DERIVED CHARACTERS
APOMORPHIES
new characters that weren't present in ancestor
GRADE CLASSIFICATION
old system
based on lack of characters
DECLARING NEW PLANT PROCESS
International Code of Botanical Nomenclature
valid name
detailed description in Latin
published in journal
editor sends to 2 independent specialists
include type of specimen
