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High Level Processing (Unconscious Processing (unconscious in the brain…

- - - - representativeness heuristic
        
        the results of a process should be representative of that process - substituting resemblance for category membership
        
        base rate neglect
        
        we also like outcomes look random
        
        we search for order within randomness
        
        Population to Instance: Gambler's fallacy: expectation that pattern of small sample is indicative of the whole population
        
        single case to entire population: Person-who argument (paying attention to a sample and ignoring base rate)
      - availability heuristic
        
        instances that are more easily thought of, remembered, or computed stand out more in our minds - more familiar one - more probable, we are substuting accessibility for frequency
      - one type of information is used in place of the target information that is actually needed to make a judgement
      - beautiful faces are more familiar: attraction
      - stereotypes and the rating of intelligence: attraction
  - - - premises; from general to specific; no new information
    - - based on observations, from specific to general, new information created in the conclusion
      - can not prove inductive reasoning, it is about probability - improbable but not impossible: p<0.05
- - - - Linear Syllogisms: can be solved spatially or abstractly or combinations of both, no correct strategy
      - Categorical Syllogisms: two premises (including category membership) and a conclusion,
      - Mental Models Approach (schema-related)
- - - - positive frames: 200 people are absolutely saved
      - negative frames: problems is framed in terms of losses
      - framing background context of choice & framing the way in which a question is worded
    - - rear disease problem: amygdala: people who are more influenced by framing shows increased activation;
      - Anterior cingulate cortex: less influenced by framing: increased activation correlates with lesser framing - conflicts monitory;
      - role of the orbitofrontal cortex, sweat on person's body, interprets emotions, interface ... (it does not create the mechanism but monitor it)
- - - - solution is less clear but not necessarily can't solve
  - - - Heuristics
        
        short-cut strategies that may or may not provide solution - human
      - Algorithms
        
        series of rules for procedures that guarantee solutions - computer
  - - - day dreaming
      - creativity
        
        preparation / incubation / illumination / verification
        
        incubation:
  - - - incubation: making fresh start / not abandoning all prior thinking
      - insight: extension of normal thinking, have contrary recognition - looking it in an unusual way and see novel connections in things