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COMMUNICATIONS SATELLITES (LEO (Low Earth Orbit) (ADVANTAGES (SHORTER…
COMMUNICATIONS SATELLITES
LEO (Low Earth Orbit)
DISTANCE ABOVE THE EARTH
200-1400 Km
ADVANTAGES
SHORTER DELAYS
LESS EXPENSIVE
DISADVANTAGES
LESS POWERFUL
SHORTER LIFESPAN
SATELLITES CONSTELLATION FOR EARTH'S SURFACE COVERING
MEO (Medium Earth Orbit)
ADVANTAGE
LESS HANDOFF
DISTANCE ABOVE THE EARTH
5000-12000 Km
GEO (Geostationary Earth Orbit)
EARTH'S ORBIT OVER THE EQUATOR
35400 Km (22000 miles)
ADVANTAGES
1/3 OF EARTH'S SURFACE COVERING
FIXED ANTENNAS
RELIABLE
SECURE
DISADVANTAGES
WEAK SIGNAL AT LONG DISTANCE
POLAR REGIONS
POORLY SERVED
NORTH AND SOUTH HEMISPHERES
POORLY SERVED
COMMUNICATIONS SATELLITES
SPECIALIZED WIRLESS RECEIVER/TRANSMITTER
RECEIVER
UPLINK SIGNAL
TRANSMITTER
DOWNLINK SIGNAL
FUNCTIONS:
WIDE-AREA COMMUNICATIONS
WEATHER FORECASTING
TELEVISION BROADCASTING
RADIO COMMUNICATIONS
COMPONENTS:
SATELLITE TRANSPONDER
SIGNAL CONVERTING (UPLINK TO DOWNLINK)
155 MILLION BITS OF INFORMATION PER SECOND
ANTENNA SUBSYSTEMS
SIGNAL RECEIVING/TRANSMITTING
SOLAR PANELS AND BATTERY BACKUP
RECHARGEABLE BATTERIES
RADIO FREQUENCY
C
FIRST BAND USED
LARGER ANTENNA
KU
USED BY MOST CURRENT VSAT SYSTEMS
KA
SMALLEST WAVELENGTH
SMALLEST ANTENNA
NOT WIDELY USED