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(Ch. 42: Circulation and Gas Exchange (Gas Exchange across respiratory…
Ch. 42: Circulation and Gas Exchange
Blood Components
Blood Composition and Function
Plasma
Cellular Elements
Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Platelets
Stem Cells and Replacement of Cellular Elements
Cardiovascular Disease
Gas Exchange across respiratory surfaces
Respiratory Surfaces
Gills in Aquatic Animals
Respiratory Media
Partial pressure gradients in gas exchange
Tracheal Systems in Insects
Lungs
Mammalian Respiratory Systems:
Patterns of BP and structure
Blood Vessel Structure and Function
Blood Flow Velocity
Blood Pressure
Regulation of BP
BP and Gravity
Changes in BP during Cardiac Cycle
Capillary Function
Fluid Return by the Lymphatic System
Breathing ventilates the lungs
Bird Breathing
Mammalian Breathing
Amphibian Breathing
Control of Breathing in Humans
Coordinated cycles of mammal hearts
Maintaining Hearts Rhythmic Beat
Mammalian Circulation
Adaptations for gas exchange
Respiratory Pigments
CO2 Transport
Respiratory Adaptations in Diving Mammals
Circulation and Gas Exchange
Circulatory systems link exchange surfaces:
Types of Circulatory Systems
Open
Closed
Organization of Vertebrate Systems
Double Circulation
Evolutionary Variation in double circulation
Single Circulation
Gastrovascular Cavities
Ch. 44: Osmoregulation and Excretion
Excretory system diversity
Excretory Process
Survey of Excretory Systems
Metanephridia
Malpighian Tubules
Protonephridia
Kidneys
Nephron Organization
Blood Filtrate to Urine
Ascending limb of loop of Henle
Distal tubule
Collecting duct
Descending limb of loop of Henle
Proximal Tubule
Solute gradient and H2O conservation
Concentrating urine in the kidney
Adaptations of Vertebrate kidney
Mammals
Case Study: Vampire Bat Kidney Function
Freshwater fish and amphibians
Marine Bony Fish
Birds/ other reptiles
What does nitrogenous waste show?
Forms of Nitrogenous Waste
Urea
Uric Acid
Ammonia
Influence of Evolution and Enviroment
Hormonal connections
Homestatic Regulation of the Kidney
AHD
RAAS
Salt Regulation
Osmoregulation
Transport Epithelia in Osmoregulation
Osmoregulatory Challenges and Mechanisms
Freshwater Animals
Animals in Temporary Waters
Marine Animals
Land Animals
Energetics of Osmoregulation
Osmosis and Osmolarity