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Thermal Energy and Chemistry (Heat (Conduction (Conductor (Material that…
Thermal Energy and Chemistry
Element
A substance that contains only one type if atom.
Ex. Gold, Copper, Sulfer, Zinc
Atom
Smallest unit of matter
Contains a nucleus with protons and Neutron
Electrons orbit the nucleus
Splitting atoms causes a lot of energy to admit
Molecule
The next smallest unit of matter
Contains 2 or more atoms bonded together
Ex. Water molecule, Carbon monoxide,
Compound
Substance containing the same type of molecule throughout
Ex. Water (many molecules together)
Mixture
Substance containing two or more different substance.
Ex. Coca-Cola, Salt Water
Temperature
A measure of the
average
amount of kinetic energy of atoms
Changes in tempeture
The
more
kinetic energy the molecules has, the
higher
the temperature
The
less
kinetic energy the molecules has, the
lower
the temperature
Fahrenheit (USA)
Freezing Point: 32F Boiling Point: 212F
Celsius (Metric)
Freezing Point: 0C Boiling Point: 100C
(Side Note)
Kinetic Energy
Energy in motion
When molecules/atoms gain more kinetic energy their temperature increases.
Potential Energy
Stored energy in a system
When molecules/atoms get more potential energy their temperature decreases.
Thermal
Thermal Energy
The
total
kinetic energy of atoms or molecules
Thermal Expansion
When temperature increases pressure increases.
When temperature increases volume increases.
Most materials expand when heated and contract when cooled
Amount of expansion or contraction depends on the type of material and the change in temperature.
Thermal Conductivity
Does not mean there is a low specific heat
Heat
The thermal energy that is transferred from one object to another when objects are at different temperatures
Heat is transferred until the both objects are the same temperature
Temperature always moves from warm to cool
Conduction
Conductor
Material that transfer heat easily
Material that allows electrons to move around freely and transfer kinetic energy to atoms
This increases the total kinetic energy
Transfers of thermal energy by the direct contact of particles of matter
Insulators
Material that dose not transfer heat easily
Convection
The transfer of thermal energy through the motion of fluids (gases or Liquids)
As kinetic energy increases the bonds between atoms break and spread out
The more spread out the atoms, the less dense the material
Less dense objects rise
As molecules lose kinetic energy the atoms condense and they sink
Radiation
Transfer heat by electromagnetic waves
Everything both radiates and absorbs energy constantly
Electromagnetic waves
Waves that can travel through matter of empty space.
Specific Heat
The heat needed to raise the temperature of either 1 gram or 1kg of substance by 1 degree Celsius or 1 kelvin
Materials the heat up quick cool down quick as well
