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Space: revision (night and day (As the Earth spins we move from shadow to…
Space: revision
night and day
As the Earth spins we move from shadow to light and back to shadow and so on
It is daytime in the UK when our part of the planet is lit by the Sun
The Sun lights up one half of the Earth, and the other half is in shadow
And it is night in the UK when our part of the planet is facing away from the Sun
A planet spins on it's axis as it orbits the sun. A day is the time it takes for a planet to spin once on it's axis which on Earth is 24 hours
Gravity
Gravity forces between the Earth and Moon force the Moon to stay in orbit around the Earth
Gravity forces between the sun and the planets keep the planets in orbit around the sun
Gravity is a force that attracts objects towards each other. The more mass an object has the greater its force of gravity.
We are pulled down to the ground because of gravity as a gravitational force pulls us down to the centre of any object
Gravity becomes very noticeable on a big object like a moon, planet or star
Years and Seasons
This axis is tilted slightly compared with the way the Earth orbits the Sun.
We get different seasons because the Earth's axis is tilted summer in the Uk is when the Northern Hemisphere is tilted towards the sun It is winter in the Uk when the Northern hemisphere is tilted away from the sun
The Earth's axis is the imaginary line through the centre of the Earth between the South and North poles about which the Earth rotates.
This is why when it is summer in the Northern hemisphere it is winter in the southern hemisphere
A planet's year is the time it takes a planet to make one complete orbit around the sun Earth takes 365 days and is called an Earth year
Gravitational forces
An object weighing 100kg has a greater mass than an object weighing 5kg and mass stays the same wherever you are.
The weight of an object depends on its mass and gravitational field strength(g)
The mass of an object is the amount of matter (stuff) it contains so the more matter an object contains the greater its mass,
The equation for working out an objects weight is Weight in N= mass in Kg times gravitational field strength in N/Kg
Weight is a force that acts upon a mass measured in Newtons(n) and mass is measured in Kg
path of the sun
One way to remember which way the Earth turns is to remember ‘we spin’, which means that we (the Earth) spins from west to east.
The length of the day (the time when the Sun shines on a particular part of the world) changes during the year, unless you are on the equator. Everywhere else, daytime is longest in the summer and shortest in the winter
The Sun appears to move from east to west. This is because the Earth turns from west to east
In winter, the Sun still appears to rise in the east and set in the west, but it does not climb so high in the sky as it does in the summer
During the day, the Sun appears to move through the sky. Remember that this happens because the Earth is spinning on its axis
The solar system
Comets,asteroids,planets and dwarf planets also orbit the sun
A satellite is an object in orbit around a planet the moon is Earth's natural satellite is the moon but humans have launched many artificial satellites into orbit. All the planets are natural satellites to the sun which is a superior body as it is bigger and heavier than any of the planets
There are eight planets in the solar system Mercury,Venus,Earth,Mars,Jupiter,Saturn,Uranus and Neptune. My Very Easy Method Just Speeds Up Naming
Humans launch satellites designed to orbit around the Earth and can communicate with us here on Earth or allow use to use phones over long distances, Gps and monitor the Earth
The solar system consists of the sun with planets and smaller objects such as asteroids and comets in orbit around it
The light year and measurement in space
It takes 8 minutes for light to reach the earth from the sun
scientists use these units as the distances in space are huge meaning it is quicker to use bigger units
1Au=Astronomical unit=distance between the earth and the sun
There is around 150,000,000,000 m between the earth and the sun and 39,900,000,000,000,000 m to the next nearest star Proxima Centauri
1Ly=light year=distance travelled by light in one year
The moon
Sometimes the Moon looks like a full circle. That is called a 'full Moon'.
At other times we see a crescent shaped Moon, because we can only see the edge of the part that is lit by the Sun.
Remember that we can only see the part of the Moon that reflects the Sun's light. How much of that we can see depends upon the position of the Moon in its orbit.
It takes the Moon 28 days to make a complete orbit of the Earth. As it orbits, we see the Moon lit from different angles
The Moon does not produce light. But it does reflect light from the Sun, which is how we are able to see it from Earth
stars and galaxies
Stars form immense groups called galaxies which can contain many millions of stars held together by gravity.
We are in a galaxy called the milky way.
Our sun is a star and seems much bigger than other stars because it is much closer to the earth.