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Immunology (Innate Immunity (Chemical Barriers (Stomach pH, Lysozomes,…
Immunology
Innate Immunity
Chemical Barriers
Stomach pH
Lysozomes
Complement System
Mechanical/Physical Barriers
Epithelium
Skin
Nasal Hair
Biological Barriers
Phagocytic Cells
Neutrophils
Dendritic Cells
Internalize antigen
Present peptides on surface bound to MHC
Travels to regional lymph nodes
Lodges in T cell regions in lymph nodes to present antigen
Macrophages
Natural Killer Cells
Antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity
Binds to IgG antibodies on virus-infected cells
Balancing activating and inhibitory receptors
Recognize cells presenting low MHC I on surface
Adaptive Immunity
Humoral
B cells activated by specific antigen
With help from T cells
Differentiate in germinal centres of lymphoid organs
Undergoes class switching and somatic hypermutation
Memory B cells
Long lived
Increases speed of response on repeated exposure
Plasma Cells
Secrete antigen-specific antibodies
Without help from T cells
Differentiate to short lived plasma cells producing IgM
Cell-Mediated
T-cells receptors activated by antigen
CD4 T cell
TH1
Effect on macrophages
Activate and maximize bactericidal activity in phagocytes
Secretion of IL-2
Activation of
TH2
effect on B cells
Proliferation
Antibody production
Class switching
Activates CD8 T cells
CD8 T cell
Recognize MHCI receptors
Kill virus infected cells
Other concepts
Clonal Selection