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Medieval Europe (Catholic Church (Education, Architecture (Stain Glass was…
Medieval Europe
Catholic Church
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Architecture
Stain Glass was made of many pieces of glass to recreate scenes from the bible or represent religious figures. They were made for the illeterate members of the church.
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Black Death
The bubonic plague, or “Black Death,” was an epidemic disease that swept through Europe beginning in 1347 killing 25 million people in 5 years.
After 1/3 of the European population died, there were not enough people to grow crops and peasants demanded higher wages.
The disease was first seen in China and spread to the Middle East and Europe by _fleas which had bitten infected rats.
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Spread of Christianity
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Monks formed religious communities, called monasteries, devoting themselves to prayer, charity, & preserving church writings.
Franks took over Western Roman Empire & King Clovis spread Christianity to provide stability and peace.
Feudalism
Land was divided into estates, or fiefs, that knights would protect for their lords, or vassals.
Because of farms, trade increased and towns grew.
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Geography
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There were two major biomes temperate forests and grasslands. They used the grasslands for farming crops but they mainly focused on the grasslands that were near rivers so they could easily get water to water the crops.
Pope vs. King
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King Henry IV disagreed with Pope Gregory VII, continued appointing church leaders, and was excommunicated from the church.
Crusades
Led by Pope Urban in 1096, the Christians won back the Holy Land from the Muslims in the First Crusade, but lost it to the Muslims in the Second Crusade.
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Although the crusaders did not achieve their purpose in the end, some positive effects were: trade expanded, transfer of military technology and new ideas, & stronger government.
The Crusades were holy wars fought over possession of the Holy Land, Jerusalem, by Jews, Muslims, and Christians.
Reconquest
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There was struggle to take back the Iberian Peninsula (the Christians). By the 1200s, Christians had set up three kingdoms . They were Portugal west Castile.
