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Endocrine System (Diseases (Dwarfism (resulting from under secretion of…
Endocrine System
Diseases
Acromegaly
over secretion of growth hormone in adult caused by benign tumor of pituitary system
bones of hands and feet enlarged, skin and tongue thick, slurred speech developed
Gigantism
acromegaly occurring before puberty hits
excessive growth of long bones, extreme tallness, decreased sexual development, and at times mental retardation
surgery to remove the tumor
Dwarfism
resulting from under secretion of growth hormone that can be caused by tumor, infection, genetic factors, or injury
characterized by small body size, short extremities, and lack of sexual development
mental development is normal
if caught early, injections of growth hormones can be given for 5 + years
Diabetes Insipidus
decreased amount of vasopressin
low levels of ADH prevent water from being absorbed in kidneys
polyuria, polydipsia, dehydration, weakness, constipation, and dry skin
injection of ADH (an antidiuretic hormone)
Goiter
enlargement of thyroid gland caused by hyperactive thyroid, iodine deficiency, oversecretion of TSH on part of pituitary gland
choking sensation, dysphagia, cough
elimination of cause, surgery may be needed
Hyperthyroidism
overactive thyroid that causes increased production of thyroid hormone and increased metabolic rate
radiation to destroy thyroid or thyroidectomy
Graves Disease
severe form of hyperthyroidism
more common in women then men
Hypothyroidism
underactive thyroid gland
2 forms
cretinism
developed in infancy or early childhood and results in lack of mental and physical growth and leads to mental retardation
myxedema
occurs late childhood or early adulthood
coarse, dry skin, slow mental function, fatigue, weakness, cold intolerance, weight gain, edema, puffy eyes, and slow pulse
Hyperparathyroidism
overproduction of parathormone
leads to kidney stones and lethargy
Hypoparathyroidism
underactive parathyroid that causes low levels of calcium in the blood
tetany, hyperirritability of nervous system, seizures, twitching, death if involuntary muscle of larynx and respiratory
Addisons Disease
decreased secretion of aldosterone
interferes with absorption of sodium, water, and increased level of potassium in blood
Cushing's Syndrome
oversecretion of glucocorticoids caused by tumor or excessive production of ACTH
hyperglycemia, hypertension, muscle weakness, fatigue, hirsutism, poor wound healing, bruise easily, moon face, obesity
can get from long term steroid treatment
hormones transported throughout the body by the bloodstream to perform functions
stimulate exocrine glands to produce secretions
stimulate other endocrine glands
regulate growth and development
regulate metabolism
maintain fluid and electrolyte balance
control various sexual processes
group of ductless glands
secrete hormones
secreted directly into the bloodsteam
chemical substance produced and secreted by endocrine glands
consists of :
pituitary gland
master gland of body
located at base of brain
divided into 2 sections
anterior
ACTH, TSH, GH, FSH, MSH, LH
posterior
ADH and oxytocin
parathormone gland
attaches to thyroid gland
parathormone
regulates amount of calcium in blood
calcium = important for blood clotting, tone of heart muscle, and muscle contraction
stimulates bone cells to break down bone tissue and release calcium and phosphates into blood
thyroid gland
synthesizes hormones that require body's metabolism and control level of calcium and blood
located in neck
requires iodine from food intake
adrenal gland
located above the kidneys often called the suprarenal glands
each gland has 2 points
cortex: outer portion
secretes steroid hormones into 3 groups
mineralcorticoid
glucocorticoid
gonadocorticoid
medulla: inner portion
pancreas
located beneath the stomach, fish shaped organ
both exocrine and endocrine glands
exocrine gland secretes pancreatic juices
endocrine houses Islet of Langerhans which produces insulin and helps absorb sugar from the blood
ovaries
female sex glands located in the pelvis
secrete hormones and regulate menustration
testes
male sex glands located in the scrotal sac
thymus
located in the upper part of the chest
active early in life to activate cells of the immune system
atrophies during puberty
produces thymosin to stimulate the production of antibodies and lymphocytes
pineal gland
located in the brain
exact function unknown
secretes 3 hormones
melatonin
serotonin
adrenogomerulotropin
placenta
temporary endocrine gland produced during pregnancy
acts as link between mom and child, provides nutrients for developing infant, and promotes lactation
3 hormones
estrogen
progesteron
chorionic gonatotropin
expelled after birth of child
Disease 2
Diabetes mellitus
chronic condition caused by decreased secretion insulin
Type 1: usually occurs early in life and more severe; regulated by insulin
Type 2: mature onset in obese adults and can be controlled through diet and exercise
hyperglycemia, polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, glycosuria, weight loss, slow wound healing, vision change
if left untreated, diabetic coma or death