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Lymphatic and Endocrine System (Lymphatic system made up of (Lymphatic…
Lymphatic and Endocrine System
Lymphatic system made up of
Lymphatic ducts
lymph tissue
spleen
thymus
tonsils
Lymphatic works with circulatory system
Removes wastes and excess fluids from body tissue
works on immunity
lipid transportation
What is lymph
a thin, watery fluid made up of or composed of intercellular or interstitial fluid
When fluid enters lymphatic system
Lymphatic vessels
located throughout body
Lacteals
in small intestine
pick up digested fats
Chyle
When lymph is mixed with fat
Lymph nodes
located all throughout body, usually in groups or clusters
small round or oval masses ranging from size of a pinhead to an almond
Right thoracic duct
short tube that receives all purified lymph from right side of head and neck to right chest and arm
will empty into right subclavian vein returning the clean lymph to blood
Thoracic Duct
much larger, drain rest of body
empties into left subclavian vein
Cisterna Chyli
a storage for purified lymph
will also receive chyle from intestinal lacteals
Tonsils
Palantine tonsils
located on each side of soft palate
pharyngeal tonsils
located in nasopharynx
lingual tonsils
located on back of tongue
Spleen
organ located beneath left side of diaphragm and in back of upper part of stomach
Produces and makes leukocytes and antibodies, destroys old erythrocytes, destroys thrombocytes and filters metabolites and wastes from body tissues
Thymus
mass of lymph tissue located in center of upper chest
atrophies after puberty and is replaced by fat and connective tissue
Adenitis
inflammation or infection of lymph nodes
occurs in large quantities of harmful substances
Hodgkins disease
chronic malignant disease of lymph nodes
most common form of lymphoma
Lymphangitis
inflammation of lymphatic vessels
Splenomegaly
enlargement of spleen
result from abnormal accumulation or RBC, mono and cirrhosis of liver
Tonsilitis
inflammation or infection of tonsils
Endocrine
group of ductless glands (without tubes)
Hormones
chemical substances produced and secreted by endocrine glands
hormones that are secreted directly into blood stream
pituitary glands
parathyroid glands
thyroid glands
adrenal glands
pancreas
ovaries
testes
thymus
pineal gland
placenta
transported through body by blood stream
perform many functions such as
stimulate other endocrine glands
regulate growth and development
regulate metabolism
maintain fluid and electrolyte balance
control various sex processes
Pituitary Gland
master gland of body
located at base of brain
divided into 2 sections
anterior lobe
ACTC, TSH, GH, FSH, MSH, LH
Posterior lobe
ADH, oxytocin
Acromegaly
o0ver secretion of GH in an adult
caused by benign tumor or pituitary system
Giantism
is acromegaly but occurs before puberty hits
Dwarfism
results from under secretion of GH that can be caused by a tumor, infection, genetic factors or injury
Diabetes Insipidus
decreased amount of vasopressin
Thyroid gland
synthesizes hormones that regulate body's metabolism and control level of calcium and blood
T3, T4 and calcitonin
located in neck
requires iodine from food intake
Goiter
enlargement of thyroid gland caused by hyperactive thyroid
symptoms- chocking sensation, dysphagia and coughing
Treatment- eliminate cause, surgery may be required
hyperthyroidism
overactive thyroid which causes increased production of thyroid hormones and increases your metabolic rate
Graves disease
severe form of hyperthyroidism
more common in women than men
Hypothyroidism
underactive thyroid gland
2 forms exist
cretinism
develops in infancy or early childhood
lack of mental and physical growth which leads to mental retardation
myxedema
occurs i late child hood- adulthood
causes dry skin, slow mental function, fatigue, weakness, intolerance to cold, weight gain, edema, puffy eyes and slow pulse
Parathyroid gland
attached to thyroid glands
regulate amount of calcium in blood
hyperparathyroidism
over production or parathormone
results in hypercalcemia which lead to kidney stones, lethargy, GI disorders
Hypoparathyroidism
underactive parathyroid casues low levels of calcium in blood
caused by surgical removal of gland
Adrenal gland
located above kidneys often called suprarenal glands
each gland has 2 parts
cortex
outer portion
medulla
inner portion
addisons disease
decreased secretion of aldosterone
interferes with absorption of sodium and water and increase levels of potassium in blood
Cushings syndrome
over secretion of glucocorticoids
caused by tumor or excess production of ACTH
Pancreas
located behind stomach
fish shaped organ
diabetes mellitus
chronic condition caused by decreased secretion of insulin