Genetics

Punnet Squares

Genotype

Phenotype

Letters (AA,aa, Bb)

Traits (brown eyes)

alleles

Heterozygous/Homozygous

Sex-linked

Pedigree

Family tree - can show where traits inherited from

Lethal

Dominant

Recessive

Mendel's laws

Law of segregation

Law of Independent Assortment

Law of Dominance

Chromosomes

P arm - petite, small

Q arm - large

One pair of sex chromosomes

Human karotype contains 23 pairs of chromosomes,
22 autosomal 1 sex

female - XX

male - XY

contain a centromere

During the production of gametes the two copies of each hereditary factor segregate so that offspring acquire one factors from each parent

one of the factors for a pair of inherited traits will be dominant and the other recessive, unless both factors are recessive

When two or more characteristics are inherited, individual hereditary factors assort independently during gamete production, giving different traits an equal opportunity of occurring together