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Structure and Function D132 (External Structures (Behavior, Survival,…
Structure and Function D132
External Structures
Behavior
Survival
Growth
Reproduction
All life is made up of cells
But not all life is multicellular
For example, A trout is made up of billions of cells and a paramecium is just a cell
^^ And those cells have to allow that organism to respond to their environment
A trout needs to
Be able to get water
Dispose of waste
Find food
And they use their cells to do it
A paramecium needs to
It is going to pump out extra water that comes in through a contractile vacuole
But as a trout they're going to get rid of a lot of that excess water through urine
Cell structure
A cell membrane is going to be around the inside of every cell and it regulates what goes in and out of a cell
If an organism is multicellular, those cells are organized into tissues
The tissues make up organs
Then the organs make up organisms
Chemical reactions
For example, what does water provide?
It provides an aqueous environment for all these chemical reactions go on in a cell
^All life requires water
Four major macromolecules that cells require water
Cybohydrates
Cybohydrates and lipids are going to provide energy or food to organisms and at the cellular level as well
They can give us big structure like cellulose in a plant
Lipids
Lipids also give a structure. So everything in a cell are going to be made up of lipids
Protiens
They pretty much build everything
So when you're looking at someone, you're looking at protiens on the actions of proteins
Nucleic acids
They are going to be the D in the DNA and RNA and they're responsible for information inside cells
The DNA in a eukaryotic cell is going to be found in the nucleus and the DNA is going to contain sections of it which are genes
So genes are bits of DNA, that code for a specific protein
Feedback loops
Positive
For example, on a tree all the fruit are going to ripe at the same exact time and we do that using a positive feedback loop
So if we want to occur all at once that's going to be a positive feedback loop
Negative
So the internal temperature of most humans is around 37 degrees Celsius
So how to we maintain that?
As our body temperature starts to drop, we're going to do things like a shiver, vasoconstrict so we keep our capillaries constricted so blood doesn't loose heat to the environment
What if we get too warm?
We're going to sweat, vasodialate and we're going to let some of that heat go