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Clade Chordata (Body Systems (segmentation (none (Tunicata), segmented…
Clade Chordata
Body Structures
5 chordate characteristics
dorsal notochord
dorsal, hollow nerve cord
pharyngeal gill slits
muscular post-anal tail
endostyle or thyroid gland
protochordates/"invertebrate" chordates
lack endoskeleton & cranium
all chordate characteristics at some point
filter feeders
tunicates & lanceletes
vertebrates (craniates)/vertebrate" chordates
cartilaginous or bony endoskeleton
brain enclosed by a cranium (skull)
Body Systems
body cavity
coelomate
segmentation
none (Tunicata)
segmented muscles (cephalochordata)
digestive tract
complete (alimentary canal)
pharyngeal slits & endostyle for filter feeding
mode of transport (circulation)
open (Tunicata)
closed (Ceph)
respiration
diffusion
gill slits (Ceph)
excretion
diffusion
Reproduction
dioecious (Ceph)
external fertilization
nearly all monoecious (Tunicata)
Development
no larval stage (Ceph)
(Ascidian) tadpold larva (Tunicata)
Taxonomic Divisions
3 Phyla
Tunicata
tunicates/sea squirts
tunic of cellulose-like carbohydrate
tadpole larvae have all 5 chordate characteristics
adults have pharyngeal slits & endostyle
Cephalacordata
all 5 chordate characteristics in adults
lancelets
Vertebrata (Craniata)
cranium (skull) surrounds brain