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Wrist and Hand (Facia (Anterior compartment (Palmar aponeurosis…

- - - - tough bands of fibrous tissue across wrist
        
        Thickenings of deep forearm fascia
      - Flexor and extends retinaculae across wrists
      - attach bones to proximal and distal rows of carpal bones
      - Lined by synovial shealth
      - Bind long tendons at wrist
        
        prevent bow stringing
      - Attach for intrinsic muscles of hand
      - Bands of connective tissue
  - - - tough connective tissue
      - apex attach to flexor retinaculum
      - Central, covers tendons in palm
      - forms insertion of Palmaris longus
      - Divides hand into compartments
      - thin triangle sheet
    - - contains Fiberous flexor sheaths
        
        Synovium
        
        ensures tendons glide freely in fibrous sheath
        
        tendons in wrist in "tunnels" surrounded by synovial membrane
      - attaches to...
        
        distal ends of ulna and radius
        
        forming carpal tunnels
        
        flexor retinaculum attach to carpal bones
        
        creates fibro-osseous tunnel
        
        non elastic
        
        non-distensible
        
        Contains long tendons to fingers & median nerve
        
        Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
        
        median nerve compression
        
        Causes
        
        Synovial inflammation (RA)
        
        Fluid Retention (pregnancy)
        
        Fractures (osteophytes)
        
        Hypothyroidism
        
        1 more item...
        
        Impaired kidney function
        
        Symptoms
        
        Tingling, burning sensation, numbness
        
        Impaired sensation in fingers, palm and thumb
        
        Thenar muscle weakness
        
        Ulnar Nerve not affected as it passes Superficially
        
        flexor surface at wrist
        
        some carpal bones
      - Prevents bowstringing of the wrist
      - Nerves
        
        Median Nerve Enters beneath Flexor Retinaculum
        
        Carpal tunnel syndrome
        
        Ulnar Nerve Passes Superficially
      - All long (longus) tendons pass beneath Flexor Retinaculum, baring palmaris Longus
- - - - Location
        
        Pass through split
      - Insertion
        
        Distal Phalanx
    - - Insertion
        
        Split to insert on each side of middle phalanx on medial four fingers
    - - Lumbricals Muscles Origins
    - - Gives Rise to Dorsal Extensor Expansions (a Muscle) as it crosses the Metacarpophalangeal joints
  - - - Actions
        
        Moves Fifth Digit (Little Finger)
      - Nerves
        
        Supplied by Ulnar Nerve
        
        extensor digiti minimi (Not part of Hypothenar muscles)
        
        Extends Little Finger
        
        Flexor Digiti Minimi
        
        Abductor Digiti Minimi
        
        Opponens Digiti Minimi
    - - Actions
        
        Moves Thumb
      - Affected by carpal tunes syndrome
      - Nerves
        
        Supplied By Median Nerve
      - Components
        
        Flexor Pollicis Brevis
        
        Opponens Pollicis
        
        Actions:
        
        Opposes the thumb
        
        Abductor Pollicis Brevis
      - Origin
        
        tubercle of the trapezium
      - Extensor Pollicis Longus (Not part of Thenar Eminence)
        
        Extends the Thumb
    - - Extends Medial Four Digits
    - - Insertion
        
        dorsal extensor expansions formed by extensor muscles of the fingers
      - Nerves
        
        Lateral two
        
        supplied by median nerve
        
        Medial Two
        
        supplied by Ulnar nerve
    - - lateral 3 1/2
        
        Nerves
        
        Median Nerve
      - Medial 1 1/2
        
        Nerves
        
        Ulnar Nerve
- - - - Scaphoid fractures
        
        fall on palm
        
        when hand abducted
      - Blood supply poor to sproximal scaphoid
        
        Bone Necrosis
        
        Degenerative Joint disease