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Community Ecology (Predator-prey interactions (One predator, one prey…
Community Ecology
Predator-prey interactions
One predator, one prey
Functional response
Predator's feeding rate and handling time
Prey dependent
Functional response is dependent on prey density
Maximum sustained yield
Amount of species needed to keep population density at inflection point
Fixed effort harvesting
The amount of __ that can be harvested with a particular amount of effort
Predator selection among multiple prey
Optimal foraging theory
Tries to figure out why herbivores eat the plants they do
Optimal diet model
Predators prefer prey with more energy
With scarcity in high-energy prey, the predator eats lower-energy
Some items will always be eaten if encountered
Probability of a plant being eaten depends on the plants around
Competition between species
Exploitation competition
Organisms actually consume a shared resource
Interference competition
One organism restricts another organism's access to resources
Resource
Leads to increased growth rates as availability is increased
Apparent competition
Plants are not actually competing for and using a resource
Metapopulations in patchy environments
Source habitat
High-quality patch
Sink habitat
Low-quality patch
Fugitive species
Survives by colonizing new patches
Flourishes temporarily
Colonizes new patches before it dies out in old ones
Assisted dispersal
Animals are captured in one area and released into the new area
Interconnectedness of species: food chains and food webs
Food chain
Direct line of consumption
Food web
Network of numerous interrelationships
Energy flow web
Map of which herbivores consume the most energy
Keyston species
Presence or absence dramatically affects the structure of the community
Concepts
Community
Group of species that occur at the same time and place
Succession
Predictable sequence of changes
Community restoration
Restoring communities to their ecosystem
Diversity
Checklist
List of the species present in a community
Diversity and scale
Scale matters
Larger areas are more diverse than smaller areas
Species-area relationship
Relationship between area and species richness
Diversity and latitude
Beneficial interactions between species
Mutualism
Both organisms benefit
Primary succession
Organisms become established on newly created substrates
Facilitation
One organism helps another without benefit
Nurse plants
