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Cells (Eukaryotic cell (Golgi apparatus add carbs to proteins to…
Cells
Eukaryotic cell
Golgi apparatus add carbs to proteins to glycoprotein, produce secretory enzymes, secrete carbs, transport+modify lipids and makes lysosomes
SER is to sythesise, store and transport lipids+carbohydrates
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Matrix has proteins, lipids, ribosomes and DNA. site of respiration
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Vacuoles (plants) contain the sugars and amino acids. They are also used for support+ colouring of pollinating insects
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Viruses
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Attach to surface of eukaryotes + inject nucleic acids to make the eukaryote replicate the virus' genetic code
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Cell Division
Mitosis
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Prophase makes the chromosomes visible, centrioles move to the poles, spindle fibres form from it. Nucleolus and envelope disappears
Metaphase, chromatids form as an identical copy of parents DNA and are arranged in the equator
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Telophase makes the nucleolus re-form and the cytoplasm divides into making (cytokenisis) to identical daughter cells
Meiosis
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Produces 4 daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell
Binary Fission
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Cytoplasm divides into 2 cells, each with a cell wall developing around it.
Studying Cells
Electron Microscopes
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Electron microscopes have two types, Scanning and Transmission
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For TEM, they have to be very thin
TEM produces 2D, SEM produces 3D
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Cell fractionation
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Nuclei first, then mitochondria