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Self-Efficacy & Academic Motivation (Related Constructs (Perceived…
Self-Efficacy & Academic Motivation
Self-efficacy
"People's judgments of their capabilities to organize and execute courses of action required to attain designated types of performances" (Bandura, 1986, p. 31).
Information acquired from performance accomplishments, vicarious experiences, forms of persuasion, and psychological indexes is cognitively appraised and informs self-efficacy beliefs (Schunk, 1991 p. 209).
Related Constructs
Perceived Control: locus of control, learned helplessness, strategy, agency, and capacity beliefs, self-regulation (Schunk, 1991, p. 209-210).
Expectations & Values: Eccles 1983. Perceived expectancies, values, and costs.
Attributions: to ability, effort, task difficulty, luck.
Self-Concept: Self-esteem, self-confidence, stability, and self-crystallization (Rosenberg & Kaplan, 1982).
Review: Person Variables
Goal Setting
Observing goal process (noticing progress) substantiates self-efficacy (Schunk, 1991 p. 213)
Motivational benefits depend on proximity, specificity, and difficulty of goals.
Setting goals may help goal commitment
Cognitive Processing
Students who believe they will experience difficulty comprehending material are likely to hold a low self-efficacy for learning it
Self-efficacy leads to mental effort
Learning strategy use leads to a sense of control, which leads to self-efficacy
Review: Situation Variables
Models
Classroom (teacher & peer), home (parent & sibling). Vicarious experiences.
Also self-modeling (Schunk & Hanson, 1989) and the influence of observing oneself
Attributional Feedback
Accurate feedback on effort supports perceptions of progress, sustains motivation, and increases efficacy for learning (Schunk, 1991, p. 218).
Linking prior achievements with effort > linking achievements to intelligence or ability (Shunk, 1991, p. 218).
Rewards
Informative and motivating (Bandura 1986)
Predictive Utility
Reaction: This was really good for me to read again. It's been a while since I've touched on some of this crucial and cornerstone research, so I appreciate the return to basics. I'm really interested in this, and our lab focuses on the interactions of self-efficacy with motivation (and the expectancy-value framework) with almost all our studies!