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Vertebraes (Thoracic (12) (Spinous Process (Slender, Long, Downward…
Vertebraes
Thoracic
(12)
Function
Articulate with ribs to allow changes in volume of thoracic cage
Support weight of...
Chest
Upper limbs
Neck
Head
Location
Chest
Vertebral foramen
Relatively average/medium
Superior and inferior articular process
Angled inwards as thoracic has support role
Pedicles
Present
Superior and inferior costal facet
Not present in T11 or T12
articulate with head of ribs
Spinous Process
Slender
Long
Downward facing/points inferiorly
Laminae
Transverse Process
Transverse costal facets
Expanded ends have facets for articulation with ribs
Body
Medium size
wedged shape/ heart shaped
Lumbar
(5)
Costal Facets :red_cross:
Not present
Functions
Support weight of
trunk
upper limbs
Neck
Head
Vertebral foramen
Triangular
relatively small
Location
Inferior portion of back
Superior and inferior Articular Process
Inferior Articular process
Face laterally (down n out)
Spinous Process
Transverse costal facets :red_cross:
Not present
Broad
Blunt
Points Posteriorly
Laminae
Transverse Process
projects dorsolateral
No articular Facets or transvers foramen
Short
Body
Flat faces
Oval
Relatively Massive
Sacrum
(5)
Posterior and Anterior Sacral Foramen
Represents intervertebral foramina
Posterior Sacral Foramen
Anterior and posterior primary Rami of spinal nerves pass through
Superior articular process
Articulates with L5
Pelvic surface
Dorsal surface
Solid triangular mass of bone
Medial Sacral Crest
Ridge from fused spinous process
Function
Attaches axial skeleton to pelvic girdle (appendicular skeleton)
Protects
Urinary organs
Digestive system
Reproductive system
Structural Features
33
Vertebrate
12
Thoracic
5
Lumbar
5
Sacral
2/4
Coccygeal
7
cervical
Shape
Thoracic and Sacral Kyphosis
Concave Anteriorly
Cervical and Lumbar Lordosis
Convex Anteriorly
Intervertebral Discs
secondary Cartilaginous Joint
Between Adjacent Vertebrate
Intervertebral foramina
Spinal Nerves pass through
Vertebral Arch
The Pedicles
Location
Pass backwards from posterolateral sides of
vertebral body
Structure
"notched" upper and lower surfaces
Actions
Notches + Vertebral bodies + intervertebral disks
form boundaries of
intervertebral foramina
Transverse Processes
Laminae
Location
Pass posteromedially from junction of
transverse process
and
pedicles
Action
Fuses in midline to form spine of vertebrate
Structure
smooth piece of bone
Superior and Inferior Articular Processes
Location
Between
Pedicles
and
Transverse Process
Actions
Orientation determines range and direction of movement possible
Superior process lock inside of Inferior process to form articulation
Structure
Upward facing "Shrek Ear" on the Top and downward facing "Tooth" on the bottom
Coccygeal
(2/4)
Triangular Terminal Part
Articulates with the apex of the sacrum
Sacral Canal
Sacral hiatus
Anaesthetic solution can be introduced to block sacral nerves
The inferior opening end
Covered by connective tissue
formed by
Sacral Cornua
Formed by laminae of fifth sacral vertebrate
Form the margins
Begins between these articular processes
extends the length of the sacrum
Spinal cord moves through this canal
Cervical
(7)
Functions
Allows for head movement
Support
Stabilizes relative positions of brain and spinal cord
Skull
Location
Neck
Atypical
C1 (The Atlas)
Vertebral Foramen
Very Large
Body :red_cross:
Absent
Articulates
With Occipital condyles of skull
Function
Hold up Head
C2 (The Axis)
Transverse ligament
binds forming an articulation that permits rotation
Body
dens have smooth articular facet
Prominent Cone shaped dens
C7 (Vertebral Prominence
Ligamentum nuchae
begins here
Transverse Process
Provides additional area for muscle attachment
Larger
Spinous Process
Ends in Broad Tubercle
Palpable
non-bifid spine
Slender
long
Typical
Vertebral foramen
Relatively large
Superior and inferior Process
Rounded
Large
Spinous Process
Points inferiorly
Long
Bifid
Laminae
Present
Transverse Process
Has Foramina Transversaria
Product of fused costal process and transverse process
Protects the Vertebral arteries and Vertebral veins
Wide
Short
Body
Curved faces
Oval Shaped
Small
