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TBI EDC (EDCs and their characteristics (BPA (Behavioral Effects (Altered…
TBI EDC
EDCs and their characteristics
BPA
Behavioral Effects
Altered explorative activity in OFT, EPM after perinatal exposure
comprised learning and memory
increased anxiety and depression
externalizing behaviors
social communication
hyperactivity after early exposure due to changes in dopamine function in the midbrain
exposure shows variedeffects across adolescence and early adulthood, with sex differences eliminated or reversed on many tasks
Neural Effects
increased oxytocin levels
altered hippocampal spine density
disrupted hypothalamic ER distribution
altered nitric oxide synthase signalling
sources of contamination
polycarbonate plastics
beverage and food storage containers
epoxy resins
linings of metal cans
ink used in thermal paper receipts
biological action
estrogen mimic
gaps in research
effects of EDCs on stress reactivity
impact on HPA axis function
altered oxidative stress
DEHP
behavioral effects
social communication
sources of contamination
soft plastics
biological action
androgen antagonist
EDCs in General
exposure is ubiquitous and unavoidable
contamination of the food chain
household dust
occupational exposure
beverage and food storage containers
ink on thermal paper receipts
textiles containing flame retardants
madical, dental, dietary interventions
contribute to adverse health trends
reproductive
reduced fecmale fecundity
longer time to conception
miscarriage
decreased sperm motility
delayed or expedited time to puberty
Disorders
attention deficit hyperactivity
autism
somatosensory abnormalities
social problems
aggression
cognition
spatial memory
working memory
disrupted spontaneous motor ability
Effect of EDCs depends on
chemical nature of EDC
type of interaction with hormone receptors
when, during development, is the exposure
Different reactions in sexes
Males
more vulnerable to disorders
stress response
arousal
disrupted spatial learning
reduced working memory
increased performance on MWM!?!
Females
Behavior Data
Open Field Test
Morris Water Maze
Research and questions to ask
Factors that affect the neuroendocrine system
How does TBI affect homonal, immune, and inflammatory systems in the body?
How does exposure to EDCs affect hormonal, immune, and inflammatory systems?
This Study
Rats were pre-programmed
What are the effects of pre-programming? how was the neuroendocrine system alered?
How does the pre-programming affect neuroendocrine's recovery from a TBI?
Is there an opporunity to apply an immunotherapy to aid in the recovery?
Data
Histology